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Very Difficult Painter Quiz help
So I’ve been painting commercially for 10 years and this quiz absolutely stumps me! I feel a lot of these questions are trick questions but I was wondering if anyone would be willing to proof read any portion of the quiz and confirm the answers I came up with I put Asterix next to the answers I came up with.
It is a very hot and humid day, relative humidity was foretasted at 85%. The foreman says there will be no painting today. What would happen if one were to paint in high humidity?
A) there will be condensation on the paint resulting in defects such as streaks, fading and poor adhesion. B) risks of splattering wet paint onto nearby surfaces and possibility of moisture blisters resulting on painted surfaces C)The finished with not fully cure resulting in defects such as wrinkling, ripping and lifting. D) all of the above *** 2.What is the total square footage of walls and ceilings of a bedroom that is 10 feet long and 10 feet wide, with standard Ceiling height (8feet)? A) 420 sqft *** B) 520 sqft C) 320 sqft D) 500 sqft. 3.What are some features of airless paint sprayers that distinguish them from air sprayers (e.g , HVLPs)? A) lower level of refinement but higher production B) smaller orifice where paint exits C) use of piston pressurization versus a turbine/Compressor D) all of the above *** 4.You are painting the walls of an apartment for a project. The walls are drywall and you are using flat white latex paint. Which of the following roller covers Will help you perform the job most efficiently? A) 1/2" roller nap *** B) 1/4" roller nap C) Mohair roller nap D) 3/4" roller nap 5.Mr.Bean wants to have the walls of his apartment master bedroom (10' x 19') and two other bedrooms (both are 9' x 11') painted with two coats of paint. The apartment has a ceiling height of 8 feet. If one gallon of paint covers approximately 325 square feet, approximately how many gallons of paint should Mr. Bean buy? (add the height and width of the walls then multiply by the height of the ceiling 8* to get the sqft) A)6.5 gal B)7.5 gal C)7 gal D)6 gal *** 6.For a painter, what does the term "holiday" mean? A)A relatively simple and straightforward painting job B)An application defect, where a small area is left without a coat of paint*** C)Lightening of a paints color due to exposure to light or heat D)The hiding power of a paint's pigment and ability to obscure a surface 7.What is priming? A)Adding material to paint to acquire a desired color in which multiple 'primers' can be used in combination to acquire desired color B)Applying a first coat of paint to a surface which protects it and provides a good base for future paint coats *** C)Applying small amounts of paint to fix defects or damage to a painted job D)None of the above 8.Before one can start spraying with an airless spay gun, one must prime the pump, the heart of the airless system. Which of the following is the primary purpose for priming? A)To strain and filter the paint B)Pre-run the system to clear it of air bubbles C)Pre-run of the system to adjust the consistency of the paint D)None of the above *** 9.Michelle is redoing her kitchen and has taken it upon herself to repainting the kitchen cabinet panels. She wants an ultra fine finish. What type of roller should she use for this task? A)9" thin nap roller B)4" thick nap roller C)9" thick nap roller D)4" thin nap roller*** 10.What can one do to fix an orange peel? A)Score and re-coat the surface B)Smooth out texture by sanding and speckling*** C)Change painting material used D) All of the above 11.In which of the following situations are miniature 'hot dog' rollers useful? A)Painting difficult to reach areas (behind sinks and toilets) B)Painting edges and trim in certain situations C)Painting cupboards, shelves and rolling panel/doors D)All of the above*** 12.What proper spraying techniques should be observed when using an airless spray gun? A)Spray in a circular motion B)Overlap strokes so that you do not have any voids in your finished product C)Spray gun should face perpendicular and move parallel across surface D)Overlap strokes so that you do not have any voids in your finished product AND spray gun should face perpendicular and move parallel across surface*** 13.Which of the following would polyurethane be used for? A)Coating wood surfaces, including furniture or doors B)Coating concrete surfaces, including floors and walls C)Coating metal surfaces, including doors or railings D)All of the above*** 14.During sprayer setup, you do a test spray and notice an uneven spay pattern with characteristic 'tails'. What is probably the cause of this and what do you have to do to correct the issue to get an even spay pattern? A)There is too little pressure, increase pressure and retest until paint is even*** B)The tip is too large, replace with a smaller tip and also check for debris C)Improper priming, there are air bubbles in the system and one must clean filters and prime tube D)None of the above 15.Bruce is painting the exterior of a two story house. He is about to paint the upper story of the house that includes high peaks and areas near the pitch of the roof. Which of the following would best suit him in his task? A)Extension ladder*** B)Boom lift C)Scaffolding D)Scissor lift 16.What does "cutting in" a surface mean? A)Cleaning edges of surface of old paint, splatter, or debris with a joint/tape knife B)Cleaning the dust off the edge of a surface with a rag cloth C)Using a brush to paint edge of surface that would be difficult for a roller*** D)None of the above 17.you are painting a ceiling, one long wall and one short wall of a master bedroom (8' x 9') with two coats of paint. The bathroom has a standard ceiling height of (8 feet). What is the total square footage of area that you will be painting? A)688 sq. ft*** B)525 sq. ft C)416 sq. ft D)272 sq. ft 18.A liquid that is used as a coating on concrete or metal for its strong mechanical properties, as well as resistance to high temperatures and chemicals is known as what? A)Enamel B)Urethane C)Epoxy*** D)Binder 19.Mrs.Jones wants to have the base molding in her master bedroom (12' x 20") and library (9' x 9') painted with two coats of China white eggshell paint. The base molding is 6" tall. How many quarts of paint would be required? (one quart of paint covers approximately 100 square feet) A)1.5 quarts B)2.5 quarts C)2 quarts D)1 quart*** 20.What is etching (e.g, liquid sanding) A)A painting technique that allows for a high quality marble looking finish B)The process of cleaning and increasing the porosity of a surface to improve adhesion for new paint*** C)The process of applying a gloss level between low sheen and high gloss D)The process of applying a smooth sand cement coating to brickwork 21.You are on a job where you will be spray painting (atomized paint) and dealing with other materials that give off hazardous fumes. What type of mask would be best to wear? A)Particulate & Chemical (double cartridge) Respirator*** B)Chemical (single cartridge) Respirator C)Dust (Particulate) mask D)None of the above 22.Maria wants to paint her rough wooden windows sills with an oil-based enamel paint. Which of the following brushes would be BEST to use? A)Blended bristle, square trim brush B)Natural bristle, square trim brush C)Synthetic bristle, angled trim brush*** D)Natural bristle, angled trim brush 23.Which of the following factors should someone consider when determining how long it will take a coat of paint to dry? A)Humidity*** B)Color of paint C)Elevation D)All of the above 24.William is painting a kitchen and did not wash the walls before painting to get rid of possible contamination such as oil and grease. After painting one coat he notices small circular cater-looking like spots on the walls. What is ths defect known as? A)Sagging B)Fish eyes*** C)Spatter D)Marine finish 25.Ryan wants to repaint his backyard metal security door and has bought a black satin oil based enamel exterior paint. What accompanying roller type should he buy as well for his project? A)Sheepskin, rough/thick nap roller B)Polyester, rough/thick nap roller C)Mohair, very smooth/thin nap roller*** D)Mohair, rough/thick nap roller 26.Tracy is painting the walls of a small apartment and has received two new 1 gallon buckets of flat linen white paint, and two old 1 gallon buckets of the same paint. Tracy wants to ensure color consistency when she paints and thus combines all of the paint in a 5 gallon bucket and mixes them thoroughly before painting. what technique has she utilized? A)Rendering B)Inter-coating C)Boxing*** D)Thinning 27.What are encapsulates? A)Flexible materials used to fill the void between two surfaces B) Materials that seal lead based paints providing a barrier between the hazardous paint and the environment*** C)Chemical material used to remove old paint layers to prepare a surface for a new paint job D)Tools used to remove paint from a used brush 28.You are cutting in 3 inches at both the top and bottom of all four walls in home's library (10' x 12') before rolling on the first coat the library has a ceiling height of 8 feet. What is the total square footage of area that you will be painting before rolling? A)44 sq.ft B)38 sq.ft C)264 sq.ft D)22 sq.ft*** 29.Skin irritations, respiratory problems, slips/falls, and fire are some of the most common hazards in painting operations. Which of the following safety considerations should be taken into account when painting? A)Wearing non-static discharging overalls when working with flammable material B)Wearing closed toed shoes or boots that are slip resistant C)Wearing gloves under protective gear and sealing them with tape for further protection D)All of the above*** 30.Which of the following is an appropriate technique for the removal of old lead-based paint? A)Wet sanding B)Wet scraping C)Wet scraping AND wet sanding*** D)None of the above 31.What is meant by touching-up? A)Applying the final coat of paint to a surface B)Removing old paint layers in preparation of a new paint job C)Smoothing out of a rough surface prior to painting D)Applying small amounts of paint to fix defects or damage to a painted job*** 32.A utility knife is useful in which of the following situations? A)Cutting brown protection paperamboard B)Cutting away caulking from trim or silicone along bathroom edges C)Cutting Sheetrock D)All of the above*** 33.Base molding tends to get marked up over time. Considering this, using a paint sheen that is flat or matte on the base molding is preferable to one that is glossy A)TRUE*** B)FALSE 34.To have a high quality finish when painting walls, protective tape should be applied to the top of any base molding and adjoining edge of floor near that surface. What type of tape should IDEALLY be used to protect base molding and finished wood floor near a wall to be painted from paint splatter? A)Spackle tape B)Mesh tape C)Painter's masking tape (blue)*** D)None of the above 35.Denise is using an airless paint sprayer and it is a very hot day. What will happen when she paints? A)The Paint will be runny B)The paint will dry too quickly*** C)An orange peel texture will result D)All of the above
So I’ve been painting freelance for about 2 years I came across this practice test and it absolutely stumps me! I feel a lot of these questions are trick questions but I was wondering if anyone would be willing to proof read any portion of the quiz and confirm the answers I came up with I put Asterix next to the answers I came up with.
It is a very hot and humid day, relative humidity was foretasted at 85%. The foreman says there will be no painting today. What would happen if one were to paint in high humidity?
A) there will be condensation on the paint resulting in defects such as streaks, fading and poor adhesion. B) risks of splattering wet paint onto nearby surfaces and possibility of moisture blisters resulting on painted surfaces C)The finished with not fully cure resulting in defects such as wrinkling, ripping and lifting. D) all of the above *** 2.What is the total square footage of walls and ceilings of a bedroom that is 10 feet long and 10 feet wide, with standard Ceiling height (8feet)? A) 420 sqft *** B) 520 sqft C) 320 sqft D) 500 sqft. 3.What are some features of airless paint sprayers that distinguish them from air sprayers (e.g , HVLPs)? A) lower level of refinement but higher production B) smaller orifice where paint exits C) use of piston pressurization versus a turbine/Compressor D) all of the above *** 4.You are painting the walls of an apartment for a project. The walls are drywall and you are using flat white latex paint. Which of the following roller covers Will help you perform the job most efficiently? A) 1/2" roller nap *** B) 1/4" roller nap C) Mohair roller nap D) 3/4" roller nap 5.Mr.Bean wants to have the walls of his apartment master bedroom (10' x 19') and two other bedrooms (both are 9' x 11') painted with two coats of paint. The apartment has a ceiling height of 8 feet. If one gallon of paint covers approximately 325 square feet, approximately how many gallons of paint should Mr. Bean buy? (add the height and width of the walls then multiply by the height of the ceiling 8* to get the sqft) A)6.5 gal B)7.5 gal C)7 gal D)6 gal *** 6.For a painter, what does the term "holiday" mean? A)A relatively simple and straightforward painting job B)An application defect, where a small area is left without a coat of paint*** C)Lightening of a paints color due to exposure to light or heat D)The hiding power of a paint's pigment and ability to obscure a surface 7.What is priming? A)Adding material to paint to acquire a desired color in which multiple 'primers' can be used in combination to acquire desired color B)Applying a first coat of paint to a surface which protects it and provides a good base for future paint coats *** C)Applying small amounts of paint to fix defects or damage to a painted job D)None of the above 8.Before one can start spraying with an airless spay gun, one must prime the pump, the heart of the airless system. Which of the following is the primary purpose for priming? A)To strain and filter the paint B)Pre-run the system to clear it of air bubbles C)Pre-run of the system to adjust the consistency of the paint D)None of the above *** 9.Michelle is redoing her kitchen and has taken it upon herself to repainting the kitchen cabinet panels. She wants an ultra fine finish. What type of roller should she use for this task? A)9" thin nap roller B)4" thick nap roller C)9" thick nap roller D)4" thin nap roller*** 10.What can one do to fix an orange peel? A)Score and re-coat the surface B)Smooth out texture by sanding and speckling*** C)Change painting material used D) All of the above 11.In which of the following situations are miniature 'hot dog' rollers useful? A)Painting difficult to reach areas (behind sinks and toilets) B)Painting edges and trim in certain situations C)Painting cupboards, shelves and rolling panel/doors D)All of the above*** 12.What proper spraying techniques should be observed when using an airless spray gun? A)Spray in a circular motion B)Overlap strokes so that you do not have any voids in your finished product C)Spray gun should face perpendicular and move parallel across surface D)Overlap strokes so that you do not have any voids in your finished product AND spray gun should face perpendicular and move parallel across surface*** 13.Which of the following would polyurethane be used for? A)Coating wood surfaces, including furniture or doors B)Coating concrete surfaces, including floors and walls C)Coating metal surfaces, including doors or railings D)All of the above*** 14.During sprayer setup, you do a test spray and notice an uneven spay pattern with characteristic 'tails'. What is probably the cause of this and what do you have to do to correct the issue to get an even spay pattern? A)There is too little pressure, increase pressure and retest until paint is even*** B)The tip is too large, replace with a smaller tip and also check for debris C)Improper priming, there are air bubbles in the system and one must clean filters and prime tube D)None of the above 15.Bruce is painting the exterior of a two story house. He is about to paint the upper story of the house that includes high peaks and areas near the pitch of the roof. Which of the following would best suit him in his task? A)Extension ladder*** B)Boom lift C)Scaffolding D)Scissor lift 16.What does "cutting in" a surface mean? A)Cleaning edges of surface of old paint, splatter, or debris with a joint/tape knife B)Cleaning the dust off the edge of a surface with a rag cloth C)Using a brush to paint edge of surface that would be difficult for a roller*** D)None of the above 17.you are painting a ceiling, one long wall and one short wall of a master bedroom (8' x 9') with two coats of paint. The bathroom has a standard ceiling height of (8 feet). What is the total square footage of area that you will be painting? A)688 sq. ft*** B)525 sq. ft C)416 sq. ft D)272 sq. ft 18.A liquid that is used as a coating on concrete or metal for its strong mechanical properties, as well as resistance to high temperatures and chemicals is known as what? A)Enamel B)Urethane C)Epoxy*** D)Binder 19.Mrs.Jones wants to have the base molding in her master bedroom (12' x 20") and library (9' x 9') painted with two coats of China white eggshell paint. The base molding is 6" tall. How many quarts of paint would be required? (one quart of paint covers approximately 100 square feet) A)1.5 quarts B)2.5 quarts C)2 quarts D)1 quart*** 20.What is etching (e.g, liquid sanding) A)A painting technique that allows for a high quality marble looking finish B)The process of cleaning and increasing the porosity of a surface to improve adhesion for new paint*** C)The process of applying a gloss level between low sheen and high gloss D)The process of applying a smooth sand cement coating to brickwork 21.You are on a job where you will be spray painting (atomized paint) and dealing with other materials that give off hazardous fumes. What type of mask would be best to wear? A)Particulate & Chemical (double cartridge) Respirator*** B)Chemical (single cartridge) Respirator C)Dust (Particulate) mask D)None of the above 22.Maria wants to paint her rough wooden windows sills with an oil-based enamel paint. Which of the following brushes would be BEST to use? A)Blended bristle, square trim brush B)Natural bristle, square trim brush C)Synthetic bristle, angled trim brush*** D)Natural bristle, angled trim brush 23.Which of the following factors should someone consider when determining how long it will take a coat of paint to dry? A)Humidity*** B)Color of paint C)Elevation D)All of the above 24.William is painting a kitchen and did not wash the walls before painting to get rid of possible contamination such as oil and grease. After painting one coat he notices small circular cater-looking like spots on the walls. What is ths defect known as? A)Sagging B)Fish eyes*** C)Spatter D)Marine finish 25.Ryan wants to repaint his backyard metal security door and has bought a black satin oil based enamel exterior paint. What accompanying roller type should he buy as well for his project? A)Sheepskin, rough/thick nap roller B)Polyester, rough/thick nap roller C)Mohair, very smooth/thin nap roller*** D)Mohair, rough/thick nap roller 26.Tracy is painting the walls of a small apartment and has received two new 1 gallon buckets of flat linen white paint, and two old 1 gallon buckets of the same paint. Tracy wants to ensure color consistency when she paints and thus combines all of the paint in a 5 gallon bucket and mixes them thoroughly before painting. what technique has she utilized? A)Rendering B)Inter-coating C)Boxing*** D)Thinning 27.What are encapsulates? A)Flexible materials used to fill the void between two surfaces B) Materials that seal lead based paints providing a barrier between the hazardous paint and the environment*** C)Chemical material used to remove old paint layers to prepare a surface for a new paint job D)Tools used to remove paint from a used brush 28.You are cutting in 3 inches at both the top and bottom of all four walls in home's library (10' x 12') before rolling on the first coat the library has a ceiling height of 8 feet. What is the total square footage of area that you will be painting before rolling? A)44 sq.ft B)38 sq.ft C)264 sq.ft D)22 sq.ft*** 29.Skin irritations, respiratory problems, slips/falls, and fire are some of the most common hazards in painting operations. Which of the following safety considerations should be taken into account when painting? A)Wearing non-static discharging overalls when working with flammable material B)Wearing closed toed shoes or boots that are slip resistant C)Wearing gloves under protective gear and sealing them with tape for further protection D)All of the above*** 30.Which of the following is an appropriate technique for the removal of old lead-based paint? A)Wet sanding B)Wet scraping C)Wet scraping AND wet sanding*** D)None of the above 31.What is meant by touching-up? A)Applying the final coat of paint to a surface B)Removing old paint layers in preparation of a new paint job C)Smoothing out of a rough surface prior to painting D)Applying small amounts of paint to fix defects or damage to a painted job*** 32.A utility knife is useful in which of the following situations? A)Cutting brown protection paperamboard B)Cutting away caulking from trim or silicone along bathroom edges C)Cutting Sheetrock D)All of the above*** 33.Base molding tends to get marked up over time. Considering this, using a paint sheen that is flat or matte on the base molding is preferable to one that is glossy A)TRUE*** B)FALSE 34.To have a high quality finish when painting walls, protective tape should be applied to the top of any base molding and adjoining edge of floor near that surface. What type of tape should IDEALLY be used to protect base molding and finished wood floor near a wall to be painted from paint splatter? A)Spackle tape B)Mesh tape C)Painter's masking tape (blue)*** D)None of the above 35.Denise is using an airless paint sprayer and it is a very hot day. What will happen when she paints? A)The Paint will be runny B)The paint will dry too quickly*** C)An orange peel texture will result D)All of the above
A Fluoride-Free Pineal Gland is More Important Than Ever
by Paul FassaJune 02, 2009fromNaturalNewsWebsite There has been some controversy over the activity of adding synthetic fluoride to municipal water supplies and elsewhere, but not enough. The seriousness of this issue is more than what most realize. Fluoridation ranks with GMO's and tainted, forced vaccinations among the great crimes against humanity. Understanding the Different Fluorides There are two types of fluoride.
Calcium Fluoride, which appears naturally in underground water supplies, is relatively benign. However, too much consumed daily can lead to bone or dental problems.
Calcium is used to counter fluoride poisoning when it occurs. This redeeming factor indicates that the calcium in naturally formed calcium fluoride neutralizes much of fluoride's toxic effects. On the other hand, the type of fluorides added to water supplies and other beverages and foods are waste products of the nuclear, aluminum, and now mostly the phosphate (fertilizer) industries. The EPA has classified these as toxins: fluorosilicate acid sodium silicofluoride sodium fluoride For this article, the term Sodium Fluoride will include all three types. Sodium fluoride is used for rat poison and as a pesticide. According to a scientific study done several years ago, Comparative Toxicity of Fluorine Compounds, industrial waste sodium fluorides are 85 times more toxic than naturally occurring calcium fluoride: http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisheachs/journals/content/iechad/1934/iechad.1934.26.issue-7/ie50295a026/production/ie50295a026.fp.png_v03 Health Hazards of Sodium Fluoride Generally, most fluoride entering the body is not easily eliminated. It tends to accumulate in the body's bones and teeth. Recently, it has been discovered to accumulate even more in the pineal gland, located in the middle of the brain. This consequence of dental fluorosis, which seriously harms teeth, from daily fluoridation has been documented. Yet, the American Dental Association (AMA) continues beating a dead horse, promoting fluoride. There is a refusal to admit that instead of preventing tooth decay, fluoride causes even more dental harm. The flood of sodium fluoride in water and food also creates other more serious health problems that are not widely publicized, even suppressed. Nevertheless, in addition to fluorosis, independent labs and reputable researchers have linked the following health issues with daily long term intake of sodium fluoride:
Cancer Genetic DNA Damage Thyroid Disruption - affecting the complete endocrine system and leading to obesity Neurological - diminished IQ and inability to focus, lethargy and weariness Alzheimer's Disease Melatonin Disruption, lowers immunity to cancer, accelerates aging, sleep disorders Pineal Gland, calcification, which clogs this gland located in the middle of the brain
How Did We Get Stuck With Stuff? According to investigative journalist Christopher Bryson, author of The Fluoride Deception, getting large quantities of sodium fluoride into the water and food system was a ploy of public relations sponsored by the industries who were saddled with getting rid of the toxic materials. Fluoride was necessary for the processing or enriching of uranium. The pro-fluoride propaganda was started during the Manhattan Project to create the first atom bombs in the 1940's. The spin was to convince workers and locals where the largest nuclear plant was located in Tennessee that fluoride was not only safe, it was good for kids' dental health. In the early 1950's, the notorious spin master and father of advertising, Edward Bernays, continued the campaign for adding fluorides to water supplies as an experiment in engineering human consent! Then the AMA picked up on the dental issue and endorsed sodium fluoride's addition to water supplies. The few dissenting health studies and reports were usually squashed. Those dissenting voices were dismissed as quacks regardless of their credentials. Approximately 2/3 of the USA water supply is laced with sodium fluoride. Sodium fluoride is a common pesticide. So that residue is in some foods. Some sodas, packaged orange juices, and even bottled drinking water for babies contain fluoride additives. Buyer beware. Read your labels carefully. Avoiding Fluoridation Keep in mind that boiling only increases the concentration of fluoride to water more. But removing fluoride from tap water is not so difficult. Reverse osmosis works well for removing fluorides. If you own your home and can spring for the bucks, you can have one installed under the sink in your kitchen. That makes things very convenient for your fluoride removal from tap water. If this is not your situation, grab a couple of large jugs and fill them up from reverse osmosis machines in health food stores, supermarkets, and other locations. There are several such machines around, usually labeled as using reverse osmosis, and they usually take coins. So it is the most accessible and cheapest way to go if you can't install one where you live. The Physiological Importance of the Pineal Gland During the late 1990's in England, a scientist by the name of Jennifer Luke undertook the first study the effects of sodium fluoride on the pineal gland. She determined that the pineal gland, located in the middle of the brain, was a target for fluoride. The pineal gland simply absorbed more fluoride than any other physical matter in the body, even bones. Because of the pineal gland's importance to the endocrine system, her conclusions were a breakthrough. Her study provided the missing link to a lot of physiological damage from sodium fluoride that had been hypothesized but not positively connected. A veritable root source for the chain reaction of blocked endocrine activity had been isolated. Good news though. Frequent exposure to outdoor sunshine, 20 minutes or so at a time, will help stimulate a fluoride calcified pineal gland. Just make sure you take off your hat. This is more important than most realize, because the pineal gland affects so much other enzyme and endocrine activity, including melatonin production. The 2012 Connection First a bit about 2012, a date many have heard about. According to Carlos Barrios, anthropologist, historian, and investigator who was initiated as a Mayan ceremonial priest and spiritual guide,
"Anthropologists visit the temple sites and read the inscriptions... but they do not read the signs correctly... Other people write about prophecy in the name of the Maya. They say that the world will end in December 2012. The Mayan elders are angry with this. The world will not end. It will be transformed."
Carlos Barrios goes on to say that the transformation will be both spiritual and physical. The transition started in 1987. He says that we are in a spiritual transition from the rule of materialism, greed, and enmity to a new period of cooperation and peace - but not without difficulty. The current oligarchy is happy with what they have and don't want to give it up, and they are powerful. The Mayans claim that 2012 marks the end of the period of the fourth sun and the beginning of the fifth sun. Carlos points out that adversarial revolution against the ruling class will not work. It is up to those who want this shift to connect with others of like mind and begin actively creating networks of real cooperation. The old will crumble. The new period will dawn with its growing pains, the severity of which depends on our ability to accept what is happening and go with the flow. This, he says, requires evolving to unconditional love, with an open and simple heart, forgiveness, and cooperation with less ego competition. Connecting the Pineal Gland to This 2012 Matter Well, what does all this have to do with the pineal gland? A lot. It is considered a portal to the inner or higher self by yogi masters, including Paramahansa Yogananda, author of Autobiography of a Yogi. Psychics consider it to be the link for inter dimensional experiences. It is associated with what many call the third eye or sixth chakra, which is a doorway to higher consciousness and bliss. And it is vital for supporting intuition, an ability that will be needed during hard times. So it is necessary to evolve spiritually in order to help create better understanding, acceptance of our fellow humans, and easier group cooperation. Meditation is a part of this evolving. That and a little sunshine, good rest and food, can cause a calcified pineal gland to loosen up and allow that portal to open. An unusual psychiatrist, professor of medicine at University of New Mexico, and practicing Buddhist, Dr. Rick Strassman, MD, has written a book based on actual human studies of people under the psychedelic drug, DMT, titled DMT - The Spirit Molecule. He has discovered, among other things, that the pineal gland is a source of DMT production during birth and at death, and during near death or mystical experiences. This chemical approach corroborates the idea of the pineal gland as a portal, where the spirit passes through to other dimensions, either entering this physical realm or leaving it. South American and Central American shamans use Ayahuasca, an herbal potion that stimulates DMT for psychological healing and spiritual initiation ceremonies. They have expanded their ceremonies with Ayahuasca by traveling throughout the world or opening their local facilities to non natives. They are doing this urgently in anticipation of 2012. Their desire is to jump start and expand individuals' consciousness so the transition of consciousness will be facilitated and incorporate as many as possible. This information is meant to link the physical realm's pineal gland to higher states of awareness and other realms. The point is not to advocate or discourage psychedelic drug use, but to encourage health, meditation and spiritual growth by maintaining a fluoride free pineal gland. 2012 is approaching. Time to get in shape! Sources Fluroide: Friend or Foe? By Devid De Santo (www.lewrockwell.com) Germans and Russians Used Fluoride to Make Prisoners Stupid and Docile, by Devvy Kidd (www.newswithviews.com) Fluoride Accumulates in the Pineal Gland, by Sepp Hasslberger of Health Supreme (www.newmediaexplorer.org) Transcribed interview of journalist Christopher Bryson: The Fluoride Deception: How a Nuclear Waste Byproduct Made Its Way Into the Nation's Drinking Water http://www.democracynow.org/2004/6/17/the_fluoride_deception_how_a_nu... Article by Ingrid Nairman highlighting Mayan lecture in Santa Fe, NM by Carlos Barrios ingridnaiman.com/subscription_lists/email_index.html. The Pineal Gland: Interface Between the Spiritual and Physical Planes? (http://circleof13.blogspot.com) The Fluoride Debate - (www.fluoridedebate.com) Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/026364_fluoride_pineal_gland_sodium.html#ixzz2DLXwaPE6 Fluroide: Friend or Foe? By Devid De Santo (www.lewrockwell.com) Germans and Russians Used Fluoride to Make Prisoners Stupid and Docile, by Devvy Kidd (www.newswithviews.com) Fluoride Accumulates in the Pineal Gland, by Sepp Hasslberger of Health Supreme (www.newmediaexplorer.org) Transcribed interview of journalist Christopher Bryson: The Fluoride Deception: How a Nuclear Waste Byproduct Made Its Way Into the Nation's Drinking Water http://www.democracynow.org/2004/6/17/the_fluoride_deception_how_a_nu... Article by Ingrid Nairman highlighting Mayan lecture in Santa Fe, NM by Carlos Barrios ingridnaiman.com/subscription_lists/email_index.html. The Pineal Gland: Interface Between the Spiritual and Physical Planes? (http://circleof13.blogspot.com) The Fluoride Debate - (www.fluoridedebate.com) Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/026364_fluoride_pineal_gland_sodium.html#ixzz2DLXwaPE6 Fluroide: Friend or Foe? By Devid De Santo (www.lewrockwell.com) Germans and Russians Used Fluoride to Make Prisoners Stupid and Docile, by Devvy Kidd (www.newswithviews.com) Fluoride Accumulates in the Pineal Gland, by Sepp Hasslberger of Health Supreme (www.newmediaexplorer.org) Transcribed interview of journalist Christopher Bryson: The Fluoride Deception: How a Nuclear Waste Byproduct Made Its Way Into the Nation's Drinking Water http://www.democracynow.org/2004/6/17/the\_fluoride\_deception\_how\_a\_nuclear Article by Ingrid Nairman highlighting Mayan lecture in Santa Fe, NM by Carlos Barrios http://ingridnaiman.com/subscription\_lists/email\_index.html. The Pineal Gland: Interface Between the Spiritual and Physical Planes? (http://circleof13.blogspot.com) The Fluoride Debate - (www.fluoridedebate.com)
by Andreas Schuld9-19-2006fromRenseWebsite About the Author . Andreas Schuld is head of Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC), an organization of parents whose children have been poisoned by excessive fluoride intake. The group includes educators, artists, scientists, journalists and authors, lawyers, researchers and nutritionists. It is active in worldwide efforts to have the toxicity of fluoride properly assessed. For further information, visit their website at www.bruha.com/fluoride. In 1999 the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) released a glowing report on the fluoridation of public water supplies, citing the procedure as one of the century's great public health successes.1 Ironically, the same report hints that the alleged benefit from fluorides may not be due to ingestion:
"Fluoride's caries-preventive properties initially were attributed to changes in enamel during tooth development because of the association between fluoride and cosmetic changes in enamel and a belief that fluoride incorporated into enamel during tooth development would result in a more acid-resistant mineral."
The CDC report then acknowledges new studies which indicate that the effects are "topical" rather than "systemic."
"However, laboratory and epidemiologic research suggests that fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children."
The obvious question is this: How can the CDC consider the addition of fluoride to public water supplies to be a public health success while admitting at the same time that fluoride's benefits are not "systemic," in other words, are not obtained from drinking it? The truth, now becoming increasingly evident, is that fluoridation and the proclaimed benefit of fluoride as a way of preventing dental decay is perhaps the greatest "scientific" fraud ever perpetrated upon an unsuspecting public. Even worse, the relentless promotion of fluoride as a "dental benefit" is responsible for the huge neglect in proper assessment of its toxicity, an issue that has become a major concern for many nations. As there is no substance as biochemically active in the human organism as fluoride, excessive total intake of fluoride compounds might well be contributing to many diseases currently afflicting mankind, particularly those involving thyroid dysfunction. In the United States, most citizens are kept entirely ignorant of any adverse effect that might occur from exposure to fluorides. Dental fluorosis, the first visible sign that fluoride poisoninghas occurred, is declared a mere "cosmetic effect" by the dental profession, although the "biochemical events which result in dental fluorosis are still unknown."2,3,4 The quantity of fluoride needed to prevent caries but avoid dental fluorosis is also unknown.5 What is Fluoride? Fluoride is any combination of elements containing the fluoride ion. In its elemental form, fluorine is a pale yellow, highly toxic and corrosive gas. In nature, fluorine is found combined with minerals as fluorides. It is the most chemically active nonmetallic element of all the elements and also has the most reactive electro-negative ion. Because of this extreme reactivity, fluorine is never found in nature as an uncombined element. Fluorine is a member of group VIIa of the periodic table. It readily displaces other halogens--such as chlorine, bromine and iodine--from their mineral salts. With hydrogen it forms hydrogen fluoride gas which, in a water solution, becomes hydrofluoric acid. There was no US commercial production of fluorine before World War II. A requirement for fluorine in the processing of uranium ores, needed for the atomic bomb, prompted its manufacture.6 Fluorine compounds or fluorides are listed by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) as among the top 20 of 275 substances that pose the most significant threat to human health.7 In Australia, the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) recently considered 400 substances for inclusion on the NPI reporting list. A risk ranking was given based on health and environmental hazard identification and human and environmental exposure to the substance. Some substances were grouped together at the same rank to give a total of 208 ranks. Fluoride compounds were ranked 27th out of the 208 ranks.8 Fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine have been found in at least 130, 19, and 28 sites, respectively, of 1,334 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).9 Consequently, under the provisions of the Superfund Act (CRECLA, 1986), a compilation of information about fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine and their effects on health was required. This publication appeared in 1993.9 Fluorides are cumulative toxins. The fact that fluorides accumulate in the body is the reason that US law requires the Surgeon General to set a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for fluoride content in public water supplies as determined by the EPA. This requirement is specifically aimed at avoiding a condition known as Crippling Skeletal Fluorosis (CSF), a disease thought to progress through three stages. The MCL, designed to prevent only the third and crippling stage of this disease, is set at 4ppm or 4mg per liter. It is assumed that people will retain half of this amount (2mg), and therefore 4mg per liter is deemed "safe." Yet a daily dose of 2-8mg is known to cause the third crippling stage of CSF.10,11 In 1998 EPA scientists, whose job and legal duty it is to set the Maximum Contaminant Level, declared that this 4ppm level was set fraudulently by outside forces in a decision that omitted 90 percent of the data showing the mutagenic properties of fluoride.12 The Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Edition (1984) gives lead a toxicity rating of 3 to 4 (3 = moderately toxic, 4 = very toxic) and the EPA has set 0.015 ppm as the MCL for lead in drinking water--with a goal of 0.0ppm. The toxicity rating for fluoride is 4, yet the MCL for fluoride is currently set at 4.0ppm, over 250 times the permissible level for lead. Water Fluoridation In 1939 a dentist named H. Trendley Dean, working for the U.S. Public Health Service, examined water from 345 communities in Texas. Dean determined that high concentrations of fluoride in the water in these areas corresponded to a high incidence of mottled teeth. This explained why dentists in the area found mottled teeth in so many of their patients. Dean also claimed that there was a lower incidence of dental cavities in communities having about 1 ppm fluoride in the water supply. Among the native residents of these areas about 10 percent developed the very mildest forms of mottled enamel ("dental fluorosis"), which Dean and others described as "beautiful white teeth." Dean's report led to the initiation of artificial fluoridation of drinking water at 1part-per-million (ppm) in order to supply the "optimal dose" of 1mg fluoride per day--assuming that drinking four glasses of water every day would duplicate Dean's "optimal" intake for most people. Now, according to the American Dental Association, all people, rich or poor, could have "beautiful white teeth" and be free of caries at the same time. After all, the benefits of water fluoridation had been documented "beyond any doubt."13 When other scientists investigated Dean's data, they did not reach the same conclusions. In fact, Dean had engaged in "selective use of data," using findings from 21 cities that supported his case while completely disregarding data from 272 other locations that did not show a correlation.14 In court cases Dean was forced to admit under oath that his data were invalid.15 In 1957 he had to admit at AMA hearings that even waters containing a mere 0.1ppm (0.1 mg/l) could cause dental fluorosis, the first visible sign of fluoride overdose.16 Moreover, there is not one single double-blind study to indicate that fluoridation is effective in reducing cavities.17 So What's the Truth About Tooth Decay? The truth is that more and more evidence shows that fluorides and dental fluorosis are actually associated with increased tooth decay. The most comprehensive US review was carried out by the National Institute of Dental Research on 39,000 school children aged 5-17 years.18 It showed no significant differences in terms of DMF (decayed, missing and filled teeth). What it did show was that high decay cities (66.5-87.5 percent) have 9.34 percent more decay in the children who drink fluoridated water. Furthermore, a 5.4 percent increase in students with decay was observed when 1 ppm fluoride was added to the water supply. Nine fluoridated cities with high decay had 10 percent more decay than nine equivalent non-fluoridated cities. The world's largest study on dental caries, which looked at 400,000 students, revealed that decay increased 27 percent with a 1ppm fluoride increase in drinking water.19 In Japan, fluoridation caused decay increases of 7 percent in 22,000 students,20 while in the US a decay increase of 43 percent occured in 29,000 students when 1ppm fluoride was added to drinking water.21 Dental Fluorosis: A "Cosmetic" Defect? Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorides, characterized mainly by mottling of the enamel (which starts as "white spots"), although the bones and virtually every organ might also be affected due to fluoride's known anti-thyroid characteristics. Dental fluorosis can only occur during the stage of enamel formation and is therefore a sign that an overdose of fluoride has occurred in a child during that period. Dental fluorosis has been described as a subsurface enamel hypomineralization, with porosity of the tooth positively correlated with the degree of fluorosis.22 It is characterized by diffuse opacities and under-mineralized enamel. Although identical enamel defects occur in cases of thyroid dysfunction, the dental profession describes the defect as merely "cosmetic" when it is caused by exposure to fluoride. What is now becoming apparent is that this "cosmetic" defect actually predisposes to tooth decay. In 1988 Duncan23 stated that hypoplastic defects have a strong potential to become carious. In 1989, Silberman,24 evaluating the same data on Head Start children, wrote that "preliminary data indicate that the presence of primary canine hypoplasia [enamel defects] may result in an increased potential for the tooth becoming carious." In 1996 Li 25 wrote that children with enamel hypoplasia demonstrated a significantly higher caries experience than those who did not have such defects and, further, that the "presence of enamel hypoplasia may be a predisposing factor for initiation and progression of dental caries, and a predictor of high caries susceptibility in a community." In 1996 Ellwood & O'Mullane26 stated that "developmental enamel defects may be useful markers of caries susceptibility, which should be considered in the risk-benefit assessment for use of fluoride." Currently up to 80 percent of US children suffer from some degree of dental fluorosis, while in Canada the figure is up to 71 percent. A prevalence of 80.9 percent was reported in children 12-14 years old in Augusta, Georgia, the highest prevalence yet reported in an "optimally" fluoridated community in the United States. Moderate-to-severe fluorosis was found in 14 percent of the children.27 Before the push for fluoridation began, the dental profession recognized that fluorides were not beneficial but detrimental to dental health. In 1944, the Journal of the American Dental Association reported: "With 1.6 to 4 ppm fluoride in the water, 50 percent or more past age 24 have false teeth because of fluoride damage to their own."28 The Wonder Nutrient? On countless internet sites, fluoride is proclaimed as the "wonder nutrient," the "deficiency" symptom being increased dental caries.29 It boggles the mind that a cumulative toxin and toxic waste product can be described a "nutrient." Nevertheless, such claims are repeatedly made by pro-fluoridationists.30 On March 16, 1979, the FDA deleted paragraphs 105.3(c) and 105.85(d)(4) of Federal Register documents which had classified fluorine, among other substances, as "essential" or "probably essential." Since that time, nowhere in the Federal Regulations is fluoride classified as "essential" or "probably essential." These deletions were the immediate result of 1978 Court deliberations.31 No essential function for fluoride has ever been proven in humans.32,33,34,35,36 "Nature Thought of It First" A popular slogan employed by the ADA and other pro-fluoridation organizations is, "Nature thought of it first!" The slogan creates the impression that the fluoridation compounds used in water fluoridation are the same as those discovered many years ago in the water in some areas of the US.37 The fluoride compound in "naturally" fluoridated waters is calcium fluoride. Sodium fluoride, a common fluoridation agent, dissolves easily in water, but calcium fluoride does not.9 Animal studies performed by Kick and others in 1935 revealed that sodium fluoride was much more toxic than calcium fluoride.38 Even worse, toxicity was recorded for hydrofluorosilicic acid, the compound now used in over 90 percent of fluoridation programs, Hydrofluorosilicic acid is a direct byproduct of pollution scrubbers used in the phosphate fertilizer and aluminum industries. Our government adds it to water supplies even though it is also involved in getting rid of its own stockpile of fluoride compounds left over from years and years of stockpiling fluorides for use in the process of refining uranium for nuclear power and weapons.39 In the Kick study, less than 2 percent of calcium fluoride was absorbed and this was excreted quantitatively in the urine. But even calcium fluoride is not benign. As the animals given calcium fluoride also developed mottled teeth, it was clear that such compounds could produce changes on the teeth merely by passing through the body, and not by being "stored in a tooth" or anywhere else. No calcium fluoride was retained. In 1946 Samuel Chase, one of the authors of the Kick study, became president of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR). This organization promoted the idea that only the fluoride ion in the various fluoridation compounds was of importance. Yet he well knew that sodium fluoride did not behave like calcium fluoride. Unlike calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride was retained in great amounts in the body and was very toxic. Rock phosphate and hydro-fluorosilicic acid experiments yielded the same information. New areas with "natural" fluoride are appearing all over the world, as now all areas not "artificially" fluoridated are considered "natural." The problem is that this "natural" fluoride is the result of direct water and soil contamination from petrochemical land treatment, uncontrolled fertilizer use, pesticide applications, ground water contamination from industrial waste sites, rocket fuel "burial grounds," and so forth. Suddenly we have "natural" fluorides showing up in areas previously deemed "fluoride deficient"! Total Intake It is well established that it is TOTAL fluoride intake from ALL sources which must be considered for any adverse health effect evaluation.40,41,42 This includes intake by ingestion, inhalation and absorption through the skin. In 1971, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated:
"In the assessment of the safety of a water supply with respect to the fluoride concentration, the total daily fluoride intake by the individual must be considered."41
Exposure to airborne fluorides from many diverse manufacturing processes--pesticide applications, phosphate fertilizer production, aluminum smelting, uranium enrichment facilities, coal-burning and nuclear power plants, incinerators, glass etching, petroleum refining and vehicle emissions--can be considerable. In addition, many people consume fluorine-based medications such as Prozac, which greatly adds to fluoride's anti-thyroid effects. ALL fluoride compounds--organic and inorganic--have been shown to exert anti-thyroid effects, often potentiating fluoride effects many fold.43 Household exposures to fluorides can occur with the use of Teflon pans, fluorine-based products, insecticides sprays and even residual airborne fluorides from fluoridated drinking water. Decision-makers at 3M Corporation recently announced a phase-out of Scotchgard products after discovering that the product's primary ingredient--a fluorinated compound called perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS)--was found in all tested blood bank examinations.44 3M's research showed that the substance had strong tendencies to persist and bio-accumulate in animal and human tissue. In 1991 the US Public Health Service issued a report stating that the range in total daily fluoride intake from water, dental products, beverages and food items exceeded 6.5 milligrams daily.42 Thus, the total intake from those sources alone already greatly exceeds the levels known to cause the third stage of skeletal fluorosis. Besides fluoridated water and toothpaste, many foods contain high levels of flouride compounds due to pesticide applications. One of the worse offenders is grapes.45 Grape juice was found to contain more than 6.8 ppm fluoride. The EPA estimates total fluoride intake from pesticide residues on food and fluoridated drinking water alone to be 0.095 mg/kg/day, meaning a person weighing 70 kg takes in more than 6.65 mg per day.45b Soy infant formula is high in both fluoride and aluminum, far surpassing the "optimal" dose46,47 and has been shown to be a risk factor in dental fluorosis.48 Tea In their drive to fluoridate the public water supplies, dental health officials continue to pretend that no other sources of fluoride exist. This notion becomes absurd when one looks at the fluoride content in tea. Tea is very high in fluoride because tea leaves accumulate more fluoride (from pollution of soil and air) than any other edible plant.49,50,51 It is well established that fluoride in tea gets absorbed by the body in a manner similar to the fluoride in drinking water.49,52 Fluoride content in tea has risen dramatically over the last 20 years due to industry contamination. Recent analyses have revealed a fluoride content of 17.25 mg per teabag or cup in black tea, and a whopping 22 mg of soluble fluoride ions per teabag or cup in green tea. Aluminum content was also high--over 8 mg. Normal steeping time is five minutes. The longer a tea bag steeped, the more fluoride and aluminum were released. After ten minutes, the measurable amounts of fluoride and aluminum almost doubled.53 A website by a pro-fluoridation infant medical group states that a cup of black tea contains 7.8 mgs of fluoride54 which is the equivalent amount of fluoride from 7.8 liters of water in an area fluoridated at 1ppm. Some British and African studies from the 1990s showed a daily fluoride intake of between 5.8 mgs and 9 mgs a day from tea alone.55, 56, 57 Tea has been found to be a primary cause of dental fluorosis in many international studies.58-70 In Britain, over three-quarters of the population over the age of ten years consumes three cups of tea per day.71Yet the UK government and the British Dental Association are currently contemplating fluoridation of public water supplies! In Ireland, average tea consumption is four cups per day and the drinking water is heavily fluoridated. Next to water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Tea can be found in almost 80 percent of all US households and on any given day, nearly 127 million people--half of all Americans--drink tea.71 The high content of both aluminum and fluoride in tea is cause for great concern as aluminum greatly potentiates fluoride's effects on G protein activation,72 the on/off switches involved in cell communication and of absolute necessity in thyroid hormone function and regulation. Fluoride and the Thyroid The recent re-discovery of hundreds of papers dealing with the use of fluorides in effective anti-thyroid medication poses many questions demanding answers.73,74 The enamel defects observed in hypothyroidism are identical to "dental fluorosis." Endemic fluorosis areas have been shown to be the same as those affected with iodine deficiency, considered to be the world's single most important and preventable cause of mental retardation,75 affecting 740 million people a year. Iodine deficiency causes brain disorders, cretinism, miscarriages and goiter, among many other diseases. Synthroid, the drug most commonly prescribed for hypothyroidism, became the top selling drug in the US in 1999, according to Scott-Levin's Source Prescription Audit, clearly indicating that hypothyroidism is a major health problem. Many more millions are thought to have undiagnosed thyroid problems. Environment Every year hundreds and thousands of tons of fluorides are emitted by industry. Industrial emissions of fluoride compounds produce elevated concentrations in the atmosphere. Hydrogen fluoride can exist as a particle, dissolving in clouds, fog, rain, dew, or snow. In clouds and moist air it will travel along the air currents until it is deposited as wet acid deposition (acid rain, acid fog, etc.) In waterways it readily mixes with water. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), emitted by the electric power industry, is now among six greenhouse gases specifically targeted by the international community, through the Kyoto protocol, for emission reductions to control global warming. The others are carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), methane and nitrous oxide (N2O). SF6 is about 23,900 times more destructive, pound for pound, than carbon dioxide over the course of 100 years. EPA estimates that some seven-million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) escaped from electric power systems in 1996 alone. The concentration of SF6 in the atmosphere has reportedly increased by two orders of magnitude since 1970. Atmospheric models have indicated that the lifetime of an SF6 molecule in the atmosphere may be over 3000 years.76 The ever-increasing fluoride levels in food, water and air pose a great threat to human health and to the environment as evidenced by the endemic of fluorosis worldwide. It is of utmost urgency that public health officials cease promoting fluoride as beneficial to our health and address instead the issue of its toxicity. REFERENCES(All web addresses were visited before Fall, 2000)
Phosphoric Acid Waste Dialogue,Report on Phosphoric Wastes Dialogue Committee, Activities and Recommendations, September 1995; Southeast Negotiation Network, Prepared by Gregory Borne for EPA stakeholders review
ATSDUSPHS - "Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine (F)" CAS# 16984-48-8, 7664-39-3, 7782-41-4 (1993), http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts11.html
Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, August 1993, p.59
World Health Organization - Fluorides and Human Health, p. 239 (1970)
Carton RJ, Hirzy JW - "Applying the NAEP code of ethics to the Environmental Protection Agency and the fluoride in drinking water standard" Proceedings of the 23rd Ann. Conf. of the National Association of Environmental Professionals. 20-24 June, 1998. GEN 51-61, http://rvi.net/fluoride/naep.htm
Yiamouyannis, J - "Water fluoridation and tooth decay: Results from the 1986-1987 national survey of U.S. school children" Fluoride 23:55-67 (1990). Data also analyzed by Gerard Judd, Ph.D., in:Judd G - "Good Teeth Birth To Death", Research Publications, Glendale Arizona (1997), EPA Research #2 (1994)
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Federal Register: December 28, 1995 (Volume 60, Number 249)] Rules and Regulations , Page 67163-67175 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration, 21 CFR Part 101 Docket No. 90N-0134, RIN 0910-AA19
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Richard Maurer and Harry Day, "The Non-Essentiality of Fluorine in Nutrition," Journal of Nutrition, 62: 61-57(1957)
"Applied Chemistry", Second Edition, by Prof. William R. Stine, Chapter 19 (see pp. 413 & 416) Allyn and Bacon, Inc, publishers. "Fluoride has not been shown to be required for normal growth or reproduction in animals or humans consuming an otherwise adequate diet, nor for any specific biological function or mechanism."
"The problem of providing optimum fluoride intake for prevention of dental caries" - Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Pub.#294, (1953) ".. a person drinking fluoridated water may be assumed to ingest only about 1 milligram per day from this source ... the development of mottled enamel is, however, a potential hazard of adding fluorides to food. The total daily intake of fluoride is the critical quantity."
World Health Organization, International Drinking Water Standards, 1971."In the assessment of the safety of a water supply with respect to the fluoride concentration, the total daily fluoride intake by the individual must be considered. Apart from variations in climatic conditions, it is well known that in certain areas, fluoride containing foods form an important part of the diet. The facts should be borne in mind in deciding the concentration of fluoride to be permitted in drinking water."
Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks, Department of Health and Human Services, p.45 (1991)
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Cao J, Bai X, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhou D, Fang S, Jia M, Wu J - "The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans" Environ Health Perspect 1996 Dec;104(12):1340-3 (1996)
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Cao J, Zhao Y, Liu JW - "Safety evaluation and fluorine concentration of Pu'er brick tea and Bianxiao brick tea" Food Chem Toxicol 36(12):1061-3(1998)
Wang LF, Huang JZ- "Outline of control practice of endemic fluorosis in China."Soc Sci Med 41(8):1191-5 (1995)
Olsson B -"Dental caries and fluorosis in Arussi province, Ethiopia" Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 6(6):338-43 (1978)
Diouf A, Sy FO, Niane B, Ba D, Ciss M - "Dietary intake of fluorine through use of tea prepared by the traditional method in Senegal" DakarMed 39(2):227-30 (1994)
Fraysse C, Bilbeissi MW, Mitre D, Kerebel B - "The role of tea consumption in dental fluorosis in Jordan" Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 32(1):39-46 (1989)
Fraysse C, Bilbeissi W, Benamghar L, Kerebel B- "Comparison of the dental health status of 8 to 14-year-old children in France and in Jordan, a country of endemic fluorosis."Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 32(3):169-75 (1989)
Villa AE, Guerrero S - "Caries experience and fluorosis prevalence in Chilean children from different socio-economic status."Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 24(3):225-7 (1996)
Chan J.T.; Yip, T.T.; Jeske, A.H. - "The role of caffeinated beverages in dental fluorosis" Med Hypotheses 33(1):21-2 (1990)
Mann J, Sgan-Cohen HD, Dakuar A, Gedalia I - "Tea drinking, caries prevalence, and fluorosis among northern Israeli Arab youth."Clin Prev Dent 7(6):23-6 (1985)
Schmidt, C.W.; Leuschke, W. - "Fluoride content of deciduous teeth after regular intake of black tea" Dtsch Stomatol 40(10):441 (1990)
Struneckß, A; Patocka, J - "Aluminofluoride complexes: new phosphate analogues for laboratory investigations and potential danger for living organisms" Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physiology and Developmental Physiology, Prague/Department of Toxicology, Purkynì Military Medical Academy, Hradec KrßlovØ, Czech Republic http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/brain3.htm
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PRESS RELEASE, May 25,1999 Iodine Deficiency
Miller AE, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Morris RA, Vazn Doren JM - "Negative Ion Chemistry of SF sub 4" Journal of Chemical Physics 102(22):8865-8873 (1995)
Symptoms of Fluoride Poisoning
· Black tarry stools · Bloody vomit · Faintness · Nausea and vomiting · Shallow breathing · Stomach cramps or pain · Tremors · Unusual excitement · Unusual increase in saliva · Watery eyes · Weakness · Constipation · Loss of appetite · Pain and aching of bones · Skin rash · Sores in the mouth and on the lips · Stiffness · Weight loss · White, brown or black discoloration of teeth
Long Term Effects of Fluoride
· Accelerated aging · Immune system dysfunction · Compromised collagen synthesis · Cartilage problems · Bony outgrowths in the spine · Joint "lock-up"
G Proteins
Signals or communications from one cell to another, and from the outside of the cell to the inside, are made possible by the action of special proteins called "G" proteins, which are found in all animal life, including yeasts. G proteins are so called because they bind to guanine nucleotides, a major component of DNA and RNA. G proteins mediate the actions of neurotransmitters, peptide hormones, odorants and light. In other words, G proteins make it possible for our nervous systems to function properly and, in particular, allow for night vision and the sense of smell.
All thyroid function is mediated by G-protein activity. Both aluminum and fluoride interfere with the activation of G proteins. Thyrotropin, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is considered the natural G-protein activator. Its action is mimicked by fluoride and vastly potentiated by the presence of aluminum. Pharmacologists estimate that up to 60 percent of all medicines used today exert their effects through G-protein signaling pathways. Vitamin A from cod liver oil has been used successfully to bypass blocked G-protein pathways due to vaccination damage. (See Autism and Vaccinations.) Myristic acid, a saturated fatty acid having 14 carbons, plays an important roll in G-protein function as these signaling proteins require myristic acid added to one end of the protein. (See Kidney Fats.) Thus, diets deficient in vitamin A and saturated fats can be expected to contribute to nervous disorders and vision problems.
Job fired me 3 weeks after I suffered an injury while on the job, and they are now denying my worker's comp claim. I have reason to believe they retaliated against me.
FL - Hi, everyone. I was working with a swim school for over a year as an assistant manager and safety coordinator. On December 14th, I was working with chlorine to make a disinfecting spray for a few minutes when my throat and chest started to simultaneously feel numb and on fire (I was wearing a face mask and was about arm's length away from the chlorine at all times). After my boss opened a worker's comp claim on my behalf, I went to an MD Now. I was diagnosed with chemical pneumonitis, given steroids and an inhaler, and was instructed to not work around harsh chemicals indoors for extended periods of time. This swim school is indoors, so I couldn't work on the pool deck or in the pool without experiencing agitation of my injury. I couldn't even smell the Lysol wipes we use to disinfect services without being thrown into a painful coughing fit. After Dec 14th, I continued to work on and off, often leaving early due to the pain. On Dec 23rd, I went back to MD Now on the premise that my condition wasn't improving. I couldn't be in the building for more than a few hours - even working solely at the front desk - without experiencing painful coughing fits and chest tightness. They re-evaluated me and referred me to a pulmonologist so they could do a more thorough exam. That same day, I asked my boss if I could return to work on January 4th (we would be closed on Dec 24th & 25th, then closed again from Dec 29th to Jan 3rd) so I can recuperate. He agreed, albeit begrudgingly. To touch upon my boss' reaction to the incident, he didn't call 911. All he told me to do was "drink water" when I told him that my throat and chest were in incredible pain. Only after several minutes of me coughing and rubbing my chest did he instruct me to go to MD Now. The associate with which he spoke when first reporting the injury asked if I was wearing a respirator while working with the chlorine, and my boss said no. He later confessed to me that he didn't know I had to wear a respirator while working with chlorine. Before my injury, I had been attempting to communicate with my boss about some glaring safety and ops issues we've been having lately, such as employees calling off at the last minute with no repercussions, employees not paying attention to their students while teaching (a huge safety hazard that has led to a few incidents), and operating with way too little staff on a near-constant basis. The employees that disregard our policies and procedures have faced no repercussions. I've tried to have meetings with him to brainstorm solutions, but my boss would always cancel them without rescheduling. When we did get a chance to talk, he would give me half-answers or no answers at all, which led to the issue being unresolved. On Dec 27th, while I was resting at home, an employee reached out to me and told me that morning's shift was abysmal. Three instructors didn't show up, so the pool side was extremely understaffed. I was also told lifeguard rotations didn't happen every 30 mins, which is a violation of our lifeguard certification company's safety guidelines and can lead to fatigue and/or impaired surveillance. After hearing this, I reached out to several employees that worked that shift and asked them what happened. Once I had the full story, I reached out to my boss and asked to speak over the phone on Dec 28th. He told me he would call me in the morning, only to cancel at 11:30am. When I asked when we could reschedule, he did not reply. I grew tired of playing a cat-and-mouse game with my own boss, so I sent him an email on Jan 2nd detailing the Dec 27th shift and highlighting that he and I urgently need to communicate about how to handle these issues so safety and operations aren't compromised to this level again. I also mentioned that, despite resting at home, my condition was not improving and that I wouldn't be returning to work until I was cleared by the pulmonologist. My boss responded rather positively, thanking me for bringing the issues to his attention and that he looked forward to speaking about them the next time he and I see each other. He also asked I send him my medical records from my MD Now visits. I had given him every scrap of paper the care providers had given me, but I emailed them to him anyway, including a summary of my diagnosis and work restrictions. On Jan 4th, my boss asked me to speak to him in person. He wouldn't tell me the reason why, and his tone shifted from when he responded to my email. I met with him on Jan 6th, and he let me go on account of "teamwork issues highlighted in my email, and the fact that I look for more problems when [the school] has enough of [its] own." I asked him to elaborate further; he merely repeated what he said with different words. After signing a paper confirming when I would be receiving my last paycheck, I left and got in touch with a worker's comp attorney. The reason my boss gave me was out of left field because never did he express these concerns to me before. In fact, he always praised my work, even going so far as to say "you do too much for this place, [the owners] will never get rid of you." I had a feeling he was being instructed by the owners of the franchise to let me go due to my comp claim but to cite a different, performance-related reason so it wouldn't count as wrongful termination. Fast forward to yesterday. I was supposed to have the appointment with the pulmonologist...until my lawyer called me yesterday to inform me that AmTrust denied my claim and cancelled my appointment. The attorney explained that, even after review of documentation, they don't believe I've suffered an injury, so I don't deserve comp benefits. My attorney was shocked and told me he would continue to pursue my case, and he even asked if there's any way my former boss would look to sabotage or misrepresent my claim. After he asked that, I thought about it a little more. I have reason to believe I was terminated not for the reason my boss gave me, but for whistleblowing (addressing the safety concerns and that there was nothing being done about them) and for filing a worker's comp claim. I understand FL is an at-will state, but the timing of my termination and the fact my claim was denied despite having a diagnosis and work restrictions make me believe they fired me for a different reason. I'm thinking of sueing for wrongful termination, citing either whistleblowing or my comp case. Unfortunately, I do not have documentation of the reason for my termination. Will the texts and emails I have from my former boss and my medical records be enough to formulate a case? If I reach a settlement for worker's comp, will that affect my ability to pursue a retaliation lawsuit? Thank you in advance for your insight. Edit to clarify: I will be following and listening to my attorney's advice, but he is only handling the worker's comp side of things. My goal for this post is to gauge whether or not my scenario counts as wrongful termination / retaliation. If it does, I will promptly seek legal help for this separate case.
[GIVEAWAY] An Unwitting Symbiosis! A Swarm of [5 IV, Friend Ball, Metal Coat] Steel-Coated Scyther Have Been Drawn Towards a Large Gathering of [5 IV, Heavy Ball] Magnemite!
~'DEX DIARY~ All Scythers and Magnemite have been successfully captured! Well done, trainers - Motostoke can rest easy knowing you're on the case! Thus marks the end of yet another giveaway! I hope you appreciated this one - I know how high-demand Scizors can be, so I figured this would be a good way of getting people a cool Pokemon in a cool Pokeball without any of the hassle Gamefreak insists on thrusting upon us. :) Hope this little adventure has helped in brightening up yet another mundane 2020 day, and as always I hope to see you when we embark on our next one! Bye for now! Greetings once again, my diminutive trainer friend! Thank goodness you're here; unfortunately, we have another incident on our hands - and I can think of no trainer more capable of handling it than you! Come to think of it, it is rather strange that you seem to always turn up here whenever there's trouble, hm? Not that I'm complaining, of course! The incident in question this time around is a strange one to be sure...a large gathering of Magnemite have been making their presence known around Motostoke recently, mostly just idly hovering around the area - my assumption is that they've been drawn there by the city's abundance of machinery and industry! Much like the Shinx you previously handled around my lab, Magnemite are known for feeding on power...and judging by the random blackouts I've been hearing about over in Motostoke, there's no doubt in my mind that they're doing exactly that within the city! Siphoning the city's power is enough of an issue as it is, but the inherent danger here lies in the fact that the more power a Magnemite absorbs, the more active and aggressive it may become! A whole group of them when fully-charged may end up posing a huge threat to the good people of Motostoke! Normally I would say that's where the lunacy ends and we'd be on our way over to the city to help rid it of those pesky Magnemite - but, astoundingly, that's not the only issue Motostoke is currently facing! A swarm of Scyther that escaped my laboratory following the Shinx debacle seem to have been journeying ever since - they're smarter than your average Scyther, which is why they had been subjects of intrigue and study for me. That being said, their intelligence has led us into quite the pickle. You see, these Scyther, seemingly wanting to grow stronger via evolution into the steel-bug Pokemon, Scizor, attempted to take it upon themselves to force evolution! They've adorned themselves in as much metal as they've been able to find, seemingly having been scavenging all across Galar for the stuff ever since escaping confinement; normally, this would be perfectly fine - but they've also found their way to Motostoke, and, well...Magnemite naturally have incredibly powerful magnetic properties... Indeed, the good people of the city woke up this morning to find themselves privy to a massive cluster of Scyther hopelessly and completely stuck to the Magnemite, unable to get away even if they tried! Even with Leon currently assisting in evacuating Motostoke's citizens, this could get very bad very quickly - a very aggressive, fully-charged horde of Magnemite and an incredibly angry swarm of highly-intelligent Scyther, all stuck together and warring in the middle of one of Galar's most highly-populated cities? I dread the thought! Please, if you can, your help would be immensely appreciated; if we can unstick these Scyther, help them to evolve and ensure this Magnemite horde is properly-contained, I think we can defuse this exceedingly hazardous situation! 30 very powerful Magnemite have unintentionally trapped 30 equally-powerful Scyther, their Magnetic Pull being just too powerful for the Metal Coated Pokemon to escape from! Based on my observations, these Magnemite have accumulated 5 perfect stats each from gorging on Motostoke's power! They seem fairly Modest for now - they shouldn't put up too much of a fight if you choose to contain them. That being said, as they absorb more power they may well change their mind! Let's not waste too much more time! Methinks a Heavy Ball should suffice for containing one - here you go! Furthermore, I know for a fact that these Scyther - having once been my diligent subjects of study - all have 5 perfect stats too! They've always been Adamant on wanting to evolve, but I never realised the full extent of how far they were willing to go to reach that goal...please, help them out of this mistake. Once they realise we're trying to help them, they should calm down - I think a Friend Ball will contain them just fine. Being caught should trigger the chemical reaction they're looking for, fusing the iron they're wearing into their bodies and finally letting them become Scizor! I find myself having a constant appreciation for your tenacity and drive to help both me and the good people of Galar each and every time one of these mishaps seems to occur - thank you, as always, for your assistance! If you want to help, leave your IGN and Link Code below and we'll venture into Motostoke to try and diffuse this situation! You can each take 1 Scyther and 1 Magnemite; just be sure to keep them far away from one another once Scyther evolves into Scizor! If I cannot connect to you after 5 minutes of searching, I will move on to whoever's next in line! We never seem to catch a break, do we? Time is of the essence when dealing with all of these high-stakes situations, as I'm sure you understand! (I will stick around until your Scyther has finished evolving, so as to oversee the process and ensure it has occurred correctly - feel free to leave the Link Room whenever it has finished!) Best of luck to you, trainers! Thank you for your efforts!
FirstLastNext I arrived to the team room shortly after the Terrans did. I greeted Glasses, who simply nodded to me as they allowed me in. The room was quiet, but for noise from an apparatus strapped to Ace’s head and covering her ears. Her eyes were shut, a serene look on her face. Anya and Rico were laid back in their chairs, staring at some middle distance as they worked in AR. The others were working on their own things here and there, spread out in the room. It was the quietest I’d ever seen them. After a time, I broke the silence, “So, what is your plan for this match?” Everyone except Ace looked at me and pointed to her. Ace seemed not to hear me. “Your plan is Ace? How do you mean?” “Shaq’naw, the rules say that we are allowed to lose up to three games before we are no longer able to compete in a season,” Francoise voice, normally pleasant and cheery had a serious, almost edged, tone in the otherwise quiet room. “Until now, we’ve mostly been experimenting with ideas and strategies. Seeing what works, what doesn’t. We used the opportunity to approach the game in an informal manner.” The dataslate she’d been fiddling with was put down, her fingers bridging in a peak in front of her. “For this match, we decided to take a more...” she paused, not in thought but for effect, “deliberate approach.” She motioned to Ace, “I believe I told you before that Ace studies military history and theory?” “Yes,” it had been one of the first things covered. Readers had even questioned why a student was allowed to study such a thing in a non-military setting. Others asked why, if this was her chosen study, she did not play every game. I had some different questions, though. “Why show her now? Wouldn’t she be better suited for a later game against more difficult opponents?” Francoise grinned before responding, “If Ace was our, to use an outdated term, ‘Ace in the hole’, then maybe that would be our approach. But she’s not our best weapon. She’s just the most direct. In effect, and you may quote me on this, I want the other teams, other universities, everyone in the Conglomerate, to see what happens today and take it as a challenge to either step up their game or step down from competing against us.” I reflexively gulped. If it had been any other team, I may have taken it as a joke. If I believed even a little bit of the things they had me writing about them, I may have been suspicious. If I could look in Francoise’s eyes that practically challenged me to doubt her, I may have been doubtful. Instead, I ensured the quote would be written correctly before asking, “Will I be in the player suite again?” Francoise leaned back, picking up the dataslate she’d been working on before, “Oh yes. It would be best if you were.” She returned to her work and I was left with a feeling of unease by the cryptic conversation. Nobody else seemed interested in saying anything, nobody else seemed bothered with talking to me, which was strange. The official came in to give notice, Javier gently touched Ace. She opened her eyes slowly, took a deep breath, and removed her music apparatus. Anya and Rico were brought out of their AR work by Peter and Richard, the same gentle touch. It felt like I was not seeing players getting ready for a match. It felt more primal than that, despite my gift for words I was at a loss. It was an emotion, a feeling, an air to them that I hadn’t seen or experienced. Describing it was just at the tip of my mind. I followed the three to the player suite, my translator identifying the cheers but also the swearing and insults directed at the Terrans. A few were even directed at me, but I was already carried along with the Terran mood. I felt, not invincible or immune to the insults. Simply beyond them, as though they were similar to hearing the wind. We entered the suite, Ace used the same fog canister as I had seen before and when everyone responded ‘clear’ the mist went away. Last time, the team used a central column of screens that Javier and Richard would cruise around as they dealt with the incoming information. This setup was 2-tiered. Against the back wall, again, was the overview screen. A few meters from it, two separate, circular stations with a central seating position within them. The data could be managed while inside a column of holodisplay screens that circled each station. Between these stations and the second tier were a myriad of display screens on each side of the room, apparently displaying what could be seen from the stations below while still allowing the overview screen to be seen by anyone on the upper tier. The upper tier itself, maybe a foot higher than the lower tier, had a centrally stationed seat with some minimal interface access on it. It was clear that this would be the command chair to anyone who saw it. A little to the side of the command station was a comfortable chair for myself as well as snacks. I took my position as the Terrans took theirs. Anya and Rico both jumped the stations to reach the inner seat, immediately bringing up screens and fixing settings to their liking. Ace sat last, despite reaching the chair first, and made sure what setting and interface equipment she needed was quickly available. Then we waited. The preparation time started and the screen lit up with the chosen species. “Huh,” said Anya, curiously, “It’s a Squatch.” Possibly a primate type of species, covered in hair, strong, omnivorous, intelligence wasn’t the greatest but easily made up for with its physical abilities. As I continued to look over it, Rico and Anya were hard at work creating things to cohabitate with it. Anya created mites, fleas, and smaller insects, things that would annoy, sicken, and hinder it, but not necessarily kill it. Rico, on the hand, created large ursine creatures to hunt and be hunted by it, a small furry creature that would cover it in a foul smelling spray. There was one he made while he giggled. It was rodent like, furred, with claws and sharp teeth. He ramped up its aggression, protective instinct, and territorial feelings to murderous levels. I thought this seemed excessive for a rather small omnivore, but it wasn’t my place to question what he did only to report. Ace would sometimes pipe up with a question or request, once asking the mites be more difficult to remove by the affected individual. Another time for a particular chemical that could be used to remove the scent of the smelling spray to be located in a creature that was repulsed by the afflicted stench. And, very carefully, they adjusted the settings for hate, anger, and general distrust among the creatures to be higher. I needed to ask, “Why would you make it more difficult for them to work together? You’ve already created creatures that would make it difficult for them to survive as it is, they might go extinct with that.” Ace nodded in agreement, “It might, I’ve not been able to reduce the extinction rate to less than 10% when setting this up by myself. That’s why I’m letting them,” she indicated Anya and Rico, “take over on part of it.” She pointed to the board on the left showing Anya’s work, “I would have raised the reproduction rate higher for some of those insects, for instance.” She called out to Anya, “Why have it at that level, Anya?” Anya, without even looking to her, shouted back, “Because when I’ve put it higher than that in some of the sims, they become a full infestation in an area faster than they can get rid of it. Either they become fatal or they eat and reproduce themselves to extinction, usually both.” Ace looked back to me, “I have been tasked with a military victory, but I can only give one because the team around me can succeed where I would otherwise fail.” She leaned back to watch the overview screen as she interlocked her fingers, “I am made greater by my friends.” I recorded what would likely be another great quote even as I reworked my question, “yes, but why make it harder for them to be made greater by friends?” The game clock started as she answered, “Because it is a lesson they must learn quickly. And it is always faster to learn when you’re on fire.” I had never, in even studying and simulating CivSim as a game, seen a species become so close to extinction so quickly. Their numbers dipped almost to a point of unrecoverable and I could see the tension in Ace’s body. The four of us watched, waiting to see if the population would dip into numbers too low to recover or if there would be a rise. A large dip sunk my heart. Then the population evened out. Then it rose. Ace let out a breath I hadn’t known she’d been holding. “Anya, what caused the dip?” Anya pulled up a screen, it appeared that a large tribe had a civil war. A faction within proposing greater teamwork, trusting each other against their instincts. Another faction continued to demand greater individual responsibility, mistrust winning out over cooperation. The cooperative faction won. I pulled up my personal screen to see the effects of the creatures they’d created. Everything on the planet required teamwork to properly deal with, I observed. The murder rodents would attack an individual and usually stay on their back, just out of reach, requiring another to assist in eliminating it. The ursine creatures were best taken down with others, otherwise the consequnces were disastrous. Being sprayed by the noxious chemicals required another to retrieve the glands necessary to remove it, even in its application. They would groom one another to remove the insects and mites that would otherwise trouble them. They worked past the dislike they may have for each other, creating communities that served everyone. Their technology progress was slow, they were reluctant to share discoveries or request aid from each other. Rival tribes often clashing to terrible results. I could already see these creatures having trouble reaching the cooperation required for space travel. As they approached the iron age, they created larger societies seemingly dependent on the distrust they had for each other. No individual in power was given more than could be controlled by others. Communities were packed, the ‘Squatch’ were uncomfortable, and the need for exploration naturally heightened itself as they sought space. It was the intermediate hazards that brought them closer as communities, to further advance with cooperation. A drought in one area would have wiped out a nation but another nearby took in refugees and gave water as it was able. When a famine hit the generous nation, they were given food by the ones they had helped. They assisted each other in wars, causing more nations to create similar alliances. Soon each of the nations had reached cooperation to a certain extent. I watched as they did all of this almost painfully slowly. The other teams must have, by now, explored their systems and settled them. The Squatch were still learning cooperation, they wouldn’t be able to stand against anyone. I looked to the Terran team, as they worked. Affecting a mind here and there, sure, but mostly watching and observing as the Squatch fought to conquer their planet. Their wars, though… In their peace, they were kind and generous as they had to learn cooperation at the edge of a knife that was always seemingly at their throat. In war, they were vicious. As though that distrust, hate, and anger had only grown as they stayed peaceful. There was no room for mercy in war, no room for compassion, nothing but bloodlust and absolute fury as they fought. They would not stop fighting even when heavily wounded, their hatred for their enemy driving them. They brokered no peace deals from war. If they were at war with an enemy, it was complete and would not stop until the enemy was gone. This, seemingly, also created a distaste in them for war. After a conflict had resolved, the nation that had participated in it would experience greater peace. At first I believed that this was because they had worn themselves out, let their stress and hate release in the bloodshed. But these nations were also more reluctant to go to war again. I made another assumption, that through bloodshed they had renounced violence. But when they were pushed to war, they seemed even more dangerous. They would resort to more gruesome, horrible actions. And when the war was over, have a greater desire for peace. It was a cycle that repeated over and over. The cooperation for space travel, in truth, came sooner than expected. They had settled their planet quickly as they were driven to spread. The Squatch reached a population density that heightened their anxiety, but research was spreading faster between nations as all realized they must find more room.. Space was approached with that need and drive to spread. I checked my personal screen then, to confirm what I already knew would be there. Primary objective: Survive. In a seemingly inverse of their beginning, they spread like a forest fire. Their system was colonized and they were already pushing for drive technology to push them further. In a nearby system, they found an underdeveloped species. Rather than raise them up or destroy them, however, they left them alone. They colonized nearby, ensured they had monitoring and defense to watch the species, and continued on. Piracy was a short-lived issue. As more planets and systems were colonized, the wars that they had avoided sparked once more. Space combat had not dampened the sheer violence they approached war with. Their weapons and medical abilities far outstripped their other technologies, violence that had been put in them since the beginning shining through like a supernova. They eventually reached a balance with themselves as they continued to expand, only occasionally would the need for war return. Otherwise, they handled all other hazards as the Terran team’s races had before. It may have been a setback, but never large enough to hurt them. A research hazard blew up a new type of drive, but they placed greater precautions and made it work. An equivalent technology race was met, but tense negotiations allowed for a merging of species after a few centuries. Their interaction and merging with another xeno made me remember the almost expected outlier, and I looked for a religion. I saw there was a minor one, its details were more or less ambiguously “Be good”, but nothing that pushed them in any way. I was a little perplexed, I had assumed religion was a greater reason to why the species had been able to cooperate at all. When I asked, Ace just said, “I don’t know, I guess they just didn’t really make one.” They had colonized fifty or so systems in addition to their xeno ally, many more than I had expected, when they met their opponents. I would later learn that, in a not unheard of move, the three other teams had decided to ally to take down the Terran team. Their reasons could have been anything from disliking that the newest team was doing so well, fearing defeat at their hands, or simply bribing one another. But the result was an alliance of three players with armadas behind them deciding to take on the Terrans and their Squatch. The Squatch sent a diplomatic mission that was unsupervised and, if I wasn’t mistaken, mostly ignored by the Terran team. Instead, the moment it was recognized it was player races, Ace had begun bringing up more screens for military assets. The hazards within the systems were highlighted, travel times between systems calculated, and fleet strength brought forward. I watched the negotiations, and realized what tactic was being used partway through. I tried to get their attention while the Squatch shook hands with the opponent’s representative, but Anya and Rico were sent a bullet point list of objectives based on incoming data that they focused on instead. I yelled, trying to demand their focus as a small delegation was brought to the Squatch homeworld in their gesture of goodwill, but Anya and Rico were allocated their requested fleets and resources to complete tasks even as Ace began updating certain objectives for them. I could only watch as the enemy delegation that was sent was immediately joined by a military fleet that unleashed an attack on the planet. It was a tactic that was underhanded and watched out for by anyone who had played in the league for even half a season. Destroying a homeworld of a species was practically certain victory, as it was in reality. My heart sank, as the planet had its last gasps before turning to debris and dust in the void. I began picking up my things to head out of the suite when Ace spoke. “Do you know what the CivSim system considers a loss, Shaq’naw?” I looked at the screen. Instead of a condolences screen, it kept showing system information. “It’s not insufficient materials, or destruction of the homeworld, or even dependent on planets or resources or material matters at all.” Ace pointed to a section of the screen showing the population psyche, “It’s if a population is unable or unwilling to continue going.” As I looked over the Squatch psyche, I saw that there was a sadness at their lost home. But where resignation, depression, and other somber feelings should have pushed them over the edge into defeat was… the system was reading an error in its estimates of rage and hate. I looked over other portions and, in what should have been a crushing victory for their opponents, every single member of the Squatch population cried for blood. They had been united in a single motivation, brought together in a desire that transcended their instincts of distrust among one another. The utter destruction of their enemies. In that moment, I suddenly realized the air with which they had walked to the player suite. It had not simply been confidence, a self-assuredness in their abilities. It was not the certainty of a win that made the insults of others seem to wash off of them. They had started this game with a feeling that I struggled with because I was not an apex predator. They had been a predator moving in on injured prey. They had been the sun bringing the dawn. They had been the last gasp of a dying creature. They were inevitability. Anya called to me, “Hey Shaq, want to see why I love your name?” I looked to her viewing screen, already a section of the enemy armada moved in, mostly a cleaning force to remove what should have been defeated enemies. Their arrival in system was met with a fleet twice their size that, the moment they saw them, unleashed death and fire. The system was forced to downgrade the combat visuals, the created salvo of the Squatch forces having generated more firepower than the system could present in detail. The battle, had it been in real time, lasted less than twenty minutes and saw the entire fleet of four battleships, six heavy cruisers, ten destroyers, twenty heavy frigates, and fifty transport dedicated ships carrying troops become little more than dust. “Shock and Awe. Cool, huh?” Anya looked to me like she hadn’t just coordinated one of the most savage battles, virtual or real, that had ever happened. My heart felt cold. She turned back, coordinating another fleet to enter into the same space that first contact had occurred. Meanwhile, Rico had begun positioning fleets in systems that would be likely areas for their opponent to come and, foolishly, finish off what should have been defeated Squatch. Rico disabled ships where he could, bringing them in for Squatch researchers to take apart and learn from. Prisoners were questioned, tortured, taken apart to understand their anatomy, and treated savagely otherwise. He sent information to Ace as he got it. The virtual gave up military assets and coordinates for other planets. When they couldn’t be made to speak, their bodies revealed their weaknesses and strengths. When their bodies revealed nothing more, they became food for their fellow prisoners. Ace shouted or sent instructions as they went. Anya handled their attack as Rico dealt with defense and Ace oversaw everything. She had Rico position a fleet in what was a nonvital system that shouldn't have seen any action, almost immediately it was fending off invaders who were attempting to use it as a foothold in Squatch territory. Anya hit her first real opposition and Ace had her retreat to another system. As the enemy followed, they hit an ambush Ace had set up in the shadow of a gas giant, decimating them. As the enemy retreated, she had her crews lock on to figure out their destinations. Once the last ship left, she moved her fleet to a secondary system, leaving behind a single ship. She sent Anya to another target nearby. Enemy reinforcements arrived in the system where their brethren had been ambushed, the single ship left behind in the shadow of the gas giant jumped away to the main fleet to report. Ace’s fleet then moved to the same coordinates retreated to by their enemy, coming upon a massive shipyard with injured ships and minimal security. Its defenders having gone to attack where they thought the enemy still was. As the shipyard was being destroyed, Anya’s fleet came into the system and quickly hid her fleet behind a nearby icy planet. As her pursuers arrived, they incorrectly assumed it was her fleet destroying the shipyard and moved in to attack. They were exposed with shields facing the wrong way when she unleashed her ships from behind them. The pursuing fleet was just finishing exploding even as the shipyard protection fleet arrived back in system after an unsuccessful search for Ace’s ambushers. They weren’t allowed to retreat, no vessels were captured, no survivors allowed. They already had plenty of ships and data in what remained of the shipyard. Rico slowly expanded the Squatch defense line. What enemy ships weren’t completely destroyed were outfitted for Squatch use. The Squatch race and its allies had completely given over to the war effort, creating ships twice as fast as they were destroyed. Anya and Ace were focused on the destruction of enemy fleet assets, leaving Rico to move into systems and take any ground assets. Their opponents were utterly unable to match the physical ability of the Squatch. I looked and, even after all the war and bloodshed, the rage and hate elements were still showing as errors in the system. I didn't watch anything on the personal monitors. There's only so much carnage any being can bear. The Terrans, though, simply took in the violence the way they would any other information. The entire war lasted twenty minutes in real time. Because all players were in wartime control, game time had slowed across the board. It had only lasted about two years for the game species. It was the fastest wartime record in the league, the former record having been an almost an hour and closer to a decade for the game species. It was brutal and horrible. The Squatch never reached the homeworlds of their opponents, they never had to. As Ace said, the game considered it a loss if a species was unable or unwilling to continue. FirstLastNext
A saltchlorinatormakes hypochlorous acid (HClO) by using table salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) and electrolysis. ... Using electrolysis, dissolved salt is converted into hypochlorous acid (HClO) and sodium hypochlorite, the sanitizing agents used to rid the water of dirt and bacteria. A salt water system provides clear water, has a lower annual cost, has no chlorine smell, and is gentle on skin and eyes. However, it costs more advance than normal chlorine and it's higher to replace parts. Since salt remains in the water and does not evaporate, only minor salt adjustments are needed in cases of mixture from heavy rains or loss of water due to a high bather load and lots of displaying. The power supply display will indicate any issues with salt and chlorine levels, and also allows “super chlorination” which is the similar of appalling the pool. There are a number of benefits that come with using salt chlorinators. First, they create a gentler form of chlorine which is non-irritating and does not smell like bleach. Second, gone is the problem of handling and storing chlorine. Third, the milder sanitizer these systems produce is healthier and helps limit exposure to the less sensible components of chlorine. If all of that sounds appealing to you – and you have the budget – a salt chlorinator is a good choice. Salt Chlorine Generators are also known as salt water chlorinator, salt chlorinators, or salt generators. These generators are increasing in popularity because of how environmentally friendly they are, how soft they are on the eyes and skin, and the need of less pool chemicals to maintain your pool clean. There is, however, a misconception that salt chlorinators create a chlorine-free pool. The truth is that chlorine generators dissolve salts that creates chlorine in order to keep the pool sanitized, free of bacteria, and algae-free. How Long Do Salt Chlorinators Last? Like any electronic device, salt chlorinators do not last forever. They also do require some maintenance here and there. After a couple of years, you might need to replace them. Salt chlorinators can last between 3-7 years. Higher priced salt chlorinators generally last longer. Other ways to increase your salt generators life is by using the proper salt and maintaining it well. A malfunctioning salt chlorine generator can rapidly become a homeowner’s nightmare. Types ofchlorinator:
Naked Chlorinators
Astral | Hurlcon Chlorinators
Profacture Chlorinators
Magna Chlorinators
Davey Chlorinators
Magna Chlor Chlorinator
Types of salt chlorinator:
Astral VX Salt Chlorinator:
· Easy to use control system · Available with or without time clock · Self-cleaning · Accurate level of chlorine is added as required. TIME SAVING AND LOW MAINTENANCE: Manual dosing of liquid or granular chlorine can be hazardous. Over dosing can cause eye irritation, itchy skin and a strong chlorine order. The AstralPool VX salt chlorinator continuously generates the precise level of chlorine required into your pool. With the convenience of a touch pad the level of output can be adjusted and operating hours can be preset. With the self-cleaning ability the VX Salt Chlorinator is perfect for any pool and spa combination PERFECT SANITATION Helps eliminate skin irritations, red eyes, and protects your Pool and Spa equipment. AUSTRALIAN MADE Proudly designed and manufactured in Australia for Australian conditions. CHLORINATORGO Built in Bluetooth® control with your iOS and Android smartphone. (Bluetooth control only available on selected models.)
Magna Chlor Chlorinator:
Magna-Chlor Self Cleaning Chlorinator. Now with reverse polarity to reduce your Magna-Chlor Self Cleaning Chlorinator 25 AMP. With reverse polarity to reduce cell maintenance and variable chlorine output control cell maintenance and variable chlorine output control. The high performance salt chlorination system produces crystal clear pool water. It is safe, clean and is ideal for people with eye, ear and skin allergies when using normal chlorine. At only 1/7th the saltness of sea water, the pool water has a soft feel which is ideal for people suffering from these problems. The salt chlorinators carry a 3 year warranty when installed on a household swimming pool. The ideal salt solution in the pool for these chlorinators is 5000ppm. Chlorinator should be run – summer (6-12hrs), autumn (4-6hrs), winter (2-4hrs). Low running costs from 1-3¢ (cents) an hour depending on the model chosen.
An electronic recognize switch.
Variable chlorine output control.
Circuit breaker overload protection.
Automatic overload, protects power supply from over salting.
Automatic low salt warning light flashes if salt falls below the correct level.
The salt cell is very efficient and reachable when maintenance is required.
Computerized automatic control & display system.
New, clear, rectangular cell housing, with plated electrodes.
Davey AquaReviva:
New high performance reverse polarity in-line cell with safety flow switch
Zeist digital timer for quick and simple set-up
User-friendly settings and controls
Safe automatic pool sanitizing using natural minerals
Easy automation of your pool’s filtration system
Compact enclosure and cell housing made with corrosion resistant, UV stabilized materials for long service life
Natural flocking agent that creates a highly crystal clear pool and spa
Barrel union connections for easy installation
Proven technology and outstanding reliability
Operating Salt Level: 4,500 – 6,000ppm
Models to suit pools and spas from 5,000 to 130,000 liters
Profacture ChloroMate: Australia has a harsh climate, a chlorinators built to withstand these conditions will last a lifetime. ChloroMate Salt water Systems are built for Australian conditions. Advantages
No handling or storing of chlorine
Environmentally friendly
Fully automatic, safe and simple to use
Non irritating to skin and eyes
Sparkling clear pool water
Mild salt water has therapeutic benefits
Suitable for all pool surfaces
Standard Features
High flow rate cell
Cell output LED indicators
Polarity Indicator
Water flow detector
PCB controlled system protection
Premium quality weather proof cabinet
Advanced reliable electronic technology
Premium quality self-cleaning cell electrode
Easy quartz time clock with battery backup.
pool chlorinator is a device that is attached to the pool filtration system and releases chlorine or other pool cleaners automatically into the water; it just needs to be filled with the cleaner manually, and it does the rest. The chlorine feeder is attached to the pool filter and filled with a cleaner, such as chlorine sticks or tablets. The chlorinator is then set to inject chlorine at the rate and level desired. Also called a pool chlorinator, automatic chlorinator, or automatic pool chlorinator, it’s a piece of equipment that automatically dispenses chlorine into your pool. Using liquid chlorine or granules requires you to measure the chemical, pour into the water, and then wait for it to be evenly distributed throughout the pool. With a chlorinator, you can set it to dispense chlorine at a specific rate dependent upon your pool’s volume, and it will automatically keep the water chlorinated at a consistent rate. Then you can forget about it, at least for a while, until it’s time to add more chlorine. But you won’t need to add chlorine to a pool chlorinator as often as you’d need to add liquid chlorine, so it does take quite a bit of the work out of sanitizing your pool. One of the best things about an automatic chlorinator is that it doesn’t take up any space in your pool the way a floating dispenser does. Some automatic pool chlorinators can be used with both in ground and above ground pools, while other models are specific to one or the other. Inline Pool Chlorinator: The chlorinator is connected directly to the filtration system, usually at the end of it, just before the water is returned to the pool. This helps protect pool equipment from corrosion since the water that exits the pool and enters the filter it isn’t as strongly chlorinated as the water that enters the pool. Offline Pool Chlorinator It may be that you don’t have the space to add a chlorinator at the end of the filtration system, but you do have space beside it. You can connect the chlorinator to the filtration system, bypassing the rest of the equipment. What Type of Chlorine to Use in a Pool Chlorinator? This one’s easy. It is most likely any chlorinator you get will use chlorine tablets. They last longer than liquid or particle, giving you more time between chemical additions. What Type of Pool Chlorinator Should I Use? Chlorine – your pool needs it but what’s the best way to get it into the water? While you can add your sanitizer manually, many pool owners prefer to automate the process and not handle chlorine any more than necessary. If you fall into that camp, you’re in good company and you have options. We’ll start with the very basic and end up at the bells and whistles. Floating Chlorinators The floating chlorine dispenser is the simplest of all, a plastic vessel that holds about three pounds of 1″ or 3″ chlorine tablets. You load it up with tabs, put the cap back on and chuck it in the pool. Water passes through, slowly dissolving the tablets, while the dispenser continually floats about, dispersing the chlorine. Floating chlorinators are cheap and easily replaceable however they offer no control over the amount of sanitizer dispensed. If you are looking for quick and easy with no technology, this might be your best option. I went to my local pool shop recently and the woman who works there tells me I need some salt. I look at the price, and it is $14 per bag, whereas at the time Bunnings was having a sale for $6 per bag. I say to her "Geez, why would I buy salt here when it is less than half price at Bunnings?" She rolled her eyes and tells me that Bunnings uses "dirty salt" and that she has had customers who used Bunnings salt and had brown marks over the bottom of the pool. She reckons that one customer of hers had to drain her entire pool after using Bunnings salt, and get it scrubbed and re-filled. I told her that I was surprised never to have heard of this, and that I would have thought that if there was an issue with Bunnings salt that it would have been made public. She assures me that "she knows pools" and that her salt "is clean enough to put on your fish and chips". I told her I was buying the Bunnings salt anyway, and she advises me to add plenty of extra cholorine, and brush the salt well into the water so that it doesn't sit at the bottom (which I do whenever I add salt anyway). Anyway, as I left I told her I would pose the question at a public forum to ask about Bunnings "dirty salt" and see whether anyone else has had problems with it leaving brown stains. bunnings pool salt which is the same salt that the pool companies put into your pool on installation. It is the same salt that most visiting pool technicians would put into your pools when required. Aren't pool shop staff like car sales people you have the car now you need this and that and they charge double of that you can get elsewhere? Also the price that Bunnings are selling it is the same price it lands at pool manufacturers. Unless the pool shop buys a pallet or 2 they would be paying a premium so they need to charge $14 a bag and scare monger you to get a sale. Our online store providing you all the necessary equipment you need so just visit the link below and place you order we have latest technology equipment and pool salt, So visit our website below. https://poolwiseliving.com.au/
https://preview.redd.it/e7lajvlnjx661.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=a8f5ba62e07aff05c01ed9c12230379f54118876 There are many among us who wonder how to improve sexual performance without relying on medications or difficult training programs. The fact is there are many simple tips for having good sex that can make your life much more colorful while proving to be a pleasant surprise for your romantic partner as well. Some of the most effective sexual health tips include nothing but a few adjustments in your habits and minimal effort on your part. Pay More Attention towards Exercise How does exercise help sexually? Well, what a workout really does is reduces the stress hormone levels in your body, for instance, cortisol and adrenaline. Moreover, it stimulates the production of endorphins that are basically brain chemicals that curb body pain and elevate your mood. It doesn't need to be said that being in good mood automatically increases your sex drive. Manage Your Stress & Anxiety If you are dealing with a mental health condition, especially depression, anxiety, or stress, it can be difficult for you to perform well sexually. This is why it is important to manage and treat your mental health illnesses through therapy, medication, and other scientifically proven methods if you want to sexually please your partner. Try New Things & Focus on Foreplay When you want to keep your sex life interesting, you have to keep trying new stuff to ensure you don't lose interest. One of the most effective techniques that most people miss out on is foreplay. Develop your foreplay game so you can get into the mood and enjoy the entire session wholeheartedly instead of just going through the motions. Being turned on is essential to good sexual performance. Don't Smoke Smoking has proven to be severely hazardous for your health and it doesn't have any good effect on your sexual performance either. If you are a smoker who is struggling with performance issues in the bed, you need to cut down your nicotine intake in order to get your sex drive back. Getting rid of cigarettes will also prove to be beneficial for your overall health. Talk to Your Partner Many people are either quite shy or have a fear of being judged when it comes to sex. However, if you really want to enjoy sex to its fullest, make sure that you and your partner share the intimacy and connection required for exceptional sexual experiences. If you are having relationship issues, try to address them to improve your sexual performance.
This isn’t necessarily chemistry related but I don’t know where else to ask. My parents bought a new house recently and I found a large bag of lead arsenate in their attic, it’s probably the size of a 20 pound bag of play sand. I got out of the attic assuming it was hazardous to inhale. I was able to confirm that it is toxic to inhale with the HSDB, but I can’t find out how to get rid of it. The bag is partially open and some of it is on the floor of the attic, so there’s extra work to removal all of it. Should I try to contact one of the companies that clean up chemical spills in colleges and labs? I can’t think of anything else to do and I couldn’t find any other resource. I live in the Portland Metro Area in Oregon if it makes any difference.
100K Giveaway - [Same same, but different mood board]
MOOD BOARD This is to make light of a disappointing situation that many of us have found ourselves in, receiving a dud! Where you can see the direction they were going in but they didn’t quite make it there. And this is definitely a mood. Shout out to all all those ladies who DGAF and rock it anyways. Item: Christian Louboutin Pigalle follies 100 nude heel Seller - [purchased off Ioffer waaaay back in the day Price $52 USD Finding myself in a obsessive and desperate disposition, I made it my mission to find myself a pair of these shoes, however the biggest obstacle I was facing was that I have gigantic boat size feet therefore my size was rarely available. Soon came a moment where genius struck, I decided to seek out a replica pair. After hours of trawling on the internet I stumbled across a site called ioffer, and quickly found the exact pair I’ve been obsessing over and before you know it “a fool and his gold were soon parted” Fast forward to the day they arrived, upon opening the ok-ish branded box I was smacked in the face by an intense industrial solvent-like odour. Once my eyes stopped tearing, I was faced with the harsh reality of this monstrosity that were my new shoes. They were wrong in every way (colour, shape, height and the quality was even worse) the iconic red bottoms were an almost neon red (they actually look better in photos believe it or not) and there was this weird piece of elastic band sewn in the back of the shoes to stop your heel from slipping off….genius? If only Mr Christian Louboutin had thought of this himself. I shoved them far away in the back of the garage with all the other engine fluids and oils – praying that I didn’t just inadvertently created some hazardous chemical gas concoction, and there they have stayed ever since. Do I hate them? Yes… will I ever get rid of them? Never! To me these shoes mark the very beginning of my ever growing love of this rep life. They make me laugh whenever I think of them, they remind me of how far I’ve come and they make me realize how fortunate we all are to have access to repladies and all the trusted sellers out there. Will I ever wear them or try them on? I dunno…. maybe if I ever feel like exposing my feet to potential chemical burns.
What herbs can and can’t do in feminizing HRT: An extensive review of the evidence
(Warning: Very long, but well organized.) The bottom line: most of the physical changes brought on by HRT cannot be initiated by herbs alone. However, herbs hold promise in a number of specific areas. First is that many are good at causing a few of the specific physical changes associated with HRT such as superficial facial fat redistribution and softening of the skin; I review an herb that is promising for hair growth. Second is that many can bring on positive mental effects that a number of trans people say are helpful to them, and some trans people report that herbs can give them a ‘taste’ of what estrogen is like as they decide if HRT is right for them. Potential Advantages of Herbal Estrogenics First, herbal treatments can be used in conjunction with prescription treatments to help transwomen reach specific gender goals. For example, if a trans person has only a partial response to their treatments (which can be caused by many things, such as a genetically-heritable insensitivity of the estrogenic receptors which in such cases do not activate even in the presence of increasing blood levels, an herbal approach might help fill in gaps and facilitate changes in appearance and mood. That is, herbs could have an additive (‘adjunctive’) effect, potentially increasing the speed of certain changes or reducing side effects without doing much on their own. (See the last section for a discussion of whetheto what extent herbs may interact with prescription hormones.) Second, herbal treatments could be used by ‘trans curious’ people who want to start experiencing changes but feel the pharmaceutical treatments would have too strong an effect for them. I would include in this group individuals who do not want some of the long-term effects of HRT (such as changes in the size and function of the genitals) while still desiring some degree of feminization. I have talked to a trans person who used Pueraria Mirifica alone because they did not want any changes to their genital function. Lastly, some transgender women use herbs for ‘natural breast enhancement’, but I do not recommend this at all unless it is done with utmost care and only in conjunction with prescription treatments. I review 'natural breast enhancement' and talk about its pitfalls in a later section. Most Promising Therapeutics Pueraria Mirifica (PM) I consider to be the herb with the most potential for those on feminizing HRT. I first saw this recommended multiple times by trans people who said the following things: first, that it caused some slight physical changes (primarily skin changes, but even breast growth when it was taken in combination with other herbs). But these physical changes did not rival what can be achieved by pure estrogen. Its main advantage seems to be in terms of mental changes. I read a few trans people who claimed that PM helped them feel a calm that they said helped them feel ready to transition, and that helped them ‘test’ what taking estrogen might be like before considering use of the pharmaceuticals. PM seems to contain stronger estrogenic than any other plant I’ve read about. Interestingly, it seems to contain a mix of many of the same estrogenic found in other plants, but also some unique and powerful ones. Like soy it contains some estrogens that are isoflavones, which are quite weak plant-based estrogens but that seem to have lots of health effects. It contains genistein, the chief isoflavone in soy; it also contains a number of other classes of plant-based estrogens such as coumarins. What is most significant is that, in addition to essentially acting like a ‘super soy’ with all the strongest components of soy, it contains an estrogenic only found in this plant, ‘deoxymiroestrol', which is said to have very strong actions at the estrogen receptor – at times close to or comparable to those of estrogen itself, according to this study which looked at its binding affinity to estrogen receptors. Mirifica extract appears quite safe compared to many other hormonal herbs, with the most common side effect being nausea from overindulgence in it; further, it is used all over the medical system of Thailand as a ‘rejuvenating’ treatment and so has established itself as being reliable. The easiest route is to take 500mg of an oral extract (I recommend the brand Ainterol) and eventually increase to twice a day. A trans friend of mine, however, takes 3000mg. Other routes are possible: it could be made into a cream or spray. I have seen it recommended that trans individuals in addition to taking some of it orally can apply some spray of it 2-3 times daily to the breast and butt to potentially encourage feminization of those areas. While it is a documented ‘side effect’ that the herb alone when taken by men can make them grow breasts, I don’t think this is a very typical result that trans people can expect from using PM alone. I have seen people get results in the use of PM to grow breasts, but only when it was used with a few herbal anti-androgens which I consider to be of questionable safety (see the last section on the dangers of ‘natural breast enhancement’). PM need not be taken daily and it need not be taken long-term, although I don’t think it would be very unsafe to do so in most cases. Some trans people may prefer to use it for a time until they can see results from it and then phase it out. One can read stories of many using mirifica on the ‘natural breast enhancement’ forum Breast Nexus. What is generally reported from growth with mirifica is that, unfortunately, in genetic women much of it does revert when it is stopped along with the herbs that are typically taken along with it. However, I do think it is possible that if mirifica does cause changes at strategic times during the transition, these might be lasting due to the strength of the pharmaceuticals taken with it. One could imagine, for example, taking mirifica only in the first few months of a transition, or only before one begins pharmaceutical treatments. I do not think it is likely to interact negatively with prescription HRT drugs. While some phytoestrogens seem to compete with estrogen and block it, PM does not seem to be likely to do that as, besides the strong and powerful deoxymiroestrol, most of the estrogenic effects are isoflavone based meaning they are mild and mostly work in the background. Mint acts as a mild anti-androgen according to clinical studies, and I’ve seen many positive reports from trans people about it. It seems to quite reliably soften the skin when taken as a tea. Further, many report anxiety-reduction from the regular use of it. This would likely be in addition to its digestion-promoting properties, which it has been used for over thousands of years. Mint is likely safe and healthy when taken as a tea, but it can be overdone, as the chief constituent – menthol – can be irritating in high doses (everyone who has ever used mouth wash knows this). I recommend using spearmint over peppermint when making the tea since spearmint has a lower menthol content; if you wanted some peppermint taste, you could try making the tea with 2/3rds spearmint and 1/3rd peppermint. However, while high-menthol preparations of mint aren’t safe internally, they can be applied directly to the skin which can help you experience the skin-softening effects of mint. I recommended medicated soaps and lotions made with strong quantities of mint, of which I think the finest are those soaps and lotions made by the company Dr. Bronners. Bhringraj is an estrogenic herb in India that is known as ‘food for the hair’. It is infused into a body oil and used as a hair growth treatment, to prevent or reverse balding as well as to make hair grow faster and shinier. It contains a number of coumarin estrogenics as well as some alkaloids unique to the plant. Its ability to grow hair is attested to not only by thousands of years of medical practice in India but also by science, as in a study of the rat it performed well in a head-to-head with minoxidil. Though properly made Bhringraj oil cannot easily be obtained in the United States, it is easy enough to make. I made some according to this recipe, but leaving out the other herbs and milk and merely using 2.5x the bhringraj called for in the recipe along with the base oil. I tested it out on my hair (which was very short at the time), leaving it in overnight before washing it out (yes it was very greasy). I cannot deny that it worked because I noticed something very strange with my hair the next few days: I began having new hairs sprout in many new directions, which looked strange and very noticeable with my short hair. I do admit it looked disheveled for a while, but if I had continued the treatment I believe the new sprouting hairs would’ve been strong enough and vibrant enough to look nice. Soy alone is very unlikely to cause any kind of feminization. But, it is still a good idea for trans women to take soy given its well-proven positive effects for women’s endocrine health. We simply do not need another study to show the considerable anti-cancer effects of regular use of soy; it has been established clearly enough. Soy contains isoflavones in the same way that PM does, and it even contains some of the same ones – both soy and PM contain ‘genistein’, which is perhaps the most well-studied phytoestrogen. Both are genetically related and found in the legume family. Unlike PM, however, soy does not contain some of the more potent estrogenics found in PM which explains its much weaker effects. I highly recommend whole-plant soy over any kind of bottled extract. One simply will not get the full range of isoflavones using an extract, and there are sometimes benefits to some of the constituents in plants that are only found in small concentrations in it. So, I’d recommend the addition of whole soy to the diet a few times a week. Again it won’t cause immediate or noticeable changes, unless you consider a slight increase in healthiness a noticeable change. The challenges of herbal anti-androgens: Why ‘natural breast enhancement’ is suspect There is no doubt that herbal breast growth ‘works’ for trans people in the sense that there are in fact combinations of herbs which can be taken and can semi-reliably cause breast growth. Such things are attested to by enough evidence, and I already mentioned breast nexus as once such place where one can find accounts and timeline evidence. But the concern with ‘natural breast enhancement’ (NBE) is that the herbs needed to make it work tend to be toxic. While the herbs I discussed earlier in this review are those that I think can make good consistent medicines, people who do NBE use herbs known to be more dangerous when taken long-term. One common example of an NBE regimen used by some trans women is the combination of mirifica, fenugreek and saw palmetto. Saw palmetto works a bit like Finasteride in stopping the conversion of testosterone to DHT, however it carries effects some trans individuals do not want such as an increase in test levels, and potentially a decrease in estrogen levels; Further, many studies show it to be unreliable in doing things like reducing prostate problems. It thus hardly counts as an anti-androgen in any concrete sense. Fenugreek is taken to increase progestin levels, but it also might act as an aromatase inhibitor and so, again, may increase testosterone levels. Further, fenugreek seems to exert downright toxic effects on the reproductive system when used long term, negatively impacting not just test but estrogen too. Neither of these things should ever be used for more than a few weeks; they cannot be part of a long-term treatment plan. And so, most ‘NBE’ stacks do ‘work’ to grow breasts at the cost of being generally unhealthy and causing a lot of unwanted effects. Further, they may not cause feminization of any other parts of the body, and this can in my opinion create a kind of ‘unnatural’ look where the breasts don’t seem to fit the body and which makes it look like one has gotten implants installed even though they were grown 'naturally'. And so the number one issue with feminizing herbs is that it is very very difficult to take any herb that can reliably suppress testosterone and yet lack significant side effects. Simply put, there doesn’t really ‘exist’ a simple, effective herbal anti-androgen. Peppermint is about the closest one can get, but its effects – while apparent in the skin – aren’t likely to be enough to initiate breast growth on its own even with herbal estrogenics. One reason herbal estrogenics simply don’t do much in the body of a trans person is that, unlike endogenous estradiol, they simply aren’t present in high enough concentrations to really suppress T. One option in the use of herbals might be to combine them with a low-to-medium dose of something like bica, a pharmaceutical anti-androgen. Of course, this defeats the purpose for some who seek the herbal approach precisely to avoid the long-term changes brought on by pharmaceutical treatments. I am still exploring whether there are any reliable herbal anti-androgens. Neem is a strong anti-androgen but it is also an anti-estrogen. The best herbal anti-androgen I have seen so far seems to be licorice. Licorice reduces serum test levels in men: this study found that the average in respondents went from 740+/-216 to 484+/-181 after only a week of a strong licorice extract. A similar anti-androgenic result was obtained in women. Unlike Fenugreek, licorice seems to have less of a risk of long-term side effects, although I have yet to review the safety studies. Further, some say that white peony roots are an aromatase promoter and reduce testosterone levels, though I have not yet reviewed those studies yet. Ultimately, while you can find positive results for both these substances, it is merely a theoretical guess as to whether they can realistically suppress T enough to allow a trans person to transition from herbs alone. If it would safe, one would probably want to extract the main chemical principles from licorice and apply them in a more reliable form than an oral tablet. I do not know whether that might be possible but I offer it as an area for future study. In the meantime, I am of the opinion that mirifica, taken orally and also applied to the breasts in a cream or spray, is unlikely to impede growth brought on by pharmaceuticals and may help it along. In that case, there really is such a thing as ‘natural breast enhancement’ but only if one does not use herbs alone but rather uses them as additive treatments in addition to prescription HRT. As a last note, I should say that palmetto and fenugreek could potentially be mixed together and made into a cream and applied directly to the breast. This might– emphasis on ‘might’ – be absorbed enough locally to encourage growth while not being absorbed enough throughout the whole body to experience the reproductive-toxic effects of fenugreek. I would still recommend caution with this approach, and I still think it would be a bad idea to do for more than a few weeks. A Note on Safety Many of these herbs which I call safe are only safe in the quantities typically given as treatment – for most, this amounts to between .5 and 4 grams. The problem is the ‘supplements’ market contains many products boasting of ‘strong extracts’ which, if you looked at their chemical constituents, would be the equivalent of 4 grams or more. (See, for an example, this Ashwagandha extract from the quality Indian brand Himalaya – Himalaya is a good brand and so I do trust their claim that one tablet is equivalent to 4600mg of herb. But that’s not per se a good thing. 4 grams is over the dose typically given of it to those who aren’t habituated, such that just one single tablet of the Himalaya extract could be ‘too strong’ a dose). The best way to dose is to use powdered herb measured with a scale or in teaspoons. Even this does not guarantee a consistent dose however as even some of those powders are ‘extract powders’ that are many times stronger than the herb itself. So, given that consistency is hard to find, the best approach is the careful one, trying out just a little at a time to see if you feel anything. Many of these herbs have the advantage of causing at least some noticeable changes in mental state upon the first day to week in which they’re taken; so you can use this to adjust your dose and not rely on what some company claims is the optimal dose. In fact, I’d wager that with herbs, dosing tends to be more individual than in pharma treatments (since they seem to exert their effects mostly down-stream, and in a less predictable way). So, start with one herb at a time and go slowly in evaluating its effects. If one enjoys the experimental aspect of this, they might really like the herbal approach. IF, however, one would have a hard time moderating themselves in this manner, I’d suggest they go on pharma treatments fully before trying herbs. Though I do not have specific evidence to point to for this claim, it seems quite logical to me that herbs are less likely to cause hormonal side effects if one is taking consistent daily medications that they can use to guarantee their estrogen levels. That does not mean side effects CAN’T happen (and many of these estrogenics do not exert their effect by direct action on estrogen levels – such that the estrogen level could stay the same despite them having efficacy), but I am merely hazarding a guess that side effects would be less likely. Some of the herbs discussed here contain aromatic compounds that are available in extremely potent extracts known popularly as ‘essential oils’ (although these extracts are not actually oils and contain no fatty acids, but types of alcohol). Though some essential oils are more toxic than others, all essential oils are extremely dangerous and are basically types of bleach - very strong, volatile and toxic solvents that will irritate the skin, lungs and digestive tract. Even if the herb itself is extremely safe, the essential oil will still be highly toxic because of its concentration. To give a sense of how concentrated, it is said that there are over 2000 roses in a single drop of rose oil. Needless to say, never consume anything made with essential oils, and do not mix any medical preparations with them unless you know how to do it exactly. But you might ask how it is that there exist some edible products sold at supermarkets that contain the essential oil if it is so toxic. For example, Fentiman’s rose lemonade is a soft drink that is infused with rose oil. The answer is that these products are made by experienced producers who know how to mix these oils and what percent is safe for consumption. If you lack that knowledge, don’t even try it. It is far harder to mix them into food than it might appear because of their thickness, and so the end result of using them can be a food product with the oil unevenly distributed, and eating this could make you sick. While some diffuse these oils in a diffuser, I personally find even this to be too irritating. I find the best way to use them is in waters, sprays and soaps formulated to have appropriate concentrations of these oils, as many of the oils which are toxic internally can be good when used on the skin. If some of the herb is wanted internally, it is better to get the plant itself and make a proper tea and leave the oils behind. Estrogenics in skincare So much of the use of herbs in skincare is basically taking advantage of their hormonal effects. Name an herb that is commonly used on the skin, and nine out of ten times it generally has a clear effect on the levels of the two biggest sex hormones. If aromatics are applied to the skin, not as much is absorbed into the whole body; mostly it exerts its effect in the area of the skin where it was applied. I maintain that estrogenic herbs could play a role in helping trans people achieve gender goals related to their face and their skin. While it is of course extremely unlikely that topical treatments could do anything mimicking the long-term facial changes that occur after years of HRT, I am actually quite certain they can bring on some of the early changes HRT brings on in the face – skin smoothening and superficial fat reorganization. I have observed this myself, both in seeing before-after pictures of my own skincare regimen and that of others. Further, this is the entire principle behind a ‘spa treatment’, in which a number of estrogenic herbs are used to create a look of ‘youthfulness’ (which is to say, a feminized look.) There is a clear science behind this in that these herbs do exert clear hormonal effects, as I will now review. Estrogenic flowers seem well-suited for use in skincare. The active ingredients in estrogenic flowers are usually aromatic compounds – linalool in lavender, geraniol in rose and rose geranium, etc. Aromatic compounds, unlike some other plant estrogens discussed earlier (e.g. isoflavones in PM and soy), are highly reactive and their effects don’t last long. Further, as compared to other estrogenics they seem to exert more immediate effects on mentality, with some describing some flowers and flower oils are ‘calming’, ‘stimulating’, etc, when applied to skin or used in a diffuser. These aromatic compounds are the very same plant-alcohols which, as I said earlier, are present in large toxic concentrations in the ‘essential oils’ of the plant. If you want a high dose of them, you cannot take them internally in their essential oil as this is quite caustic and can give you a chemical burn or seizure. So, if you want systemic effects from them, you’d have to settle for a tea made from the whole flowers. I do say that lavender tea and rose tea create pleasant calming effects. I doubt however that either of these when used alone would ever cause any significant feminization of the body (e.g. breast growth). While there were reports of lavender oil and tea tree oil in a lotion causing breast growth, this was only four isolated cases in prepubescent boys and it would be very very unlikely in an AMAB adult with functioning genitals. Of flowers, the most estrogenic in this study (as measured by the increases in saliva estrogen concentrations in the study participants) was found to be rose. Rose in the form of rose water is most efficaciously used in skincare as a toner, applied and rubbed into the skin after cleansing but before moisturizing. Any changes in the skin will be subtle at first and most apparent after consistent use. However, the very strongest estrogenic skincare herb is Centella Asiatica. While some take asiatica by mouth, and it is a potent anti-androgen and estrogenic as evidenced by studies, to me it is inadvisable to take internally because this would make one develop a tolerance to it that may weaken its skincare effects. Centella asiatica’s estrogenic action in the skin takes the form of a potent, fast-acting skin calmer, acting on the same neurotransmitters in the skin (GABA) that alcohol acts on in the CNS. (Of course it won’t get you drunk, but you might feel a tiny buzz from heavy use of asiatica concentrates on skin. But your mileage will vary). Asiatica acts faster than most skincare treatments, as it is capable of quickly reducing redness in acne and shrinking it. Where other acne treatments mostly kill the acne, asiatica leaves it alone and just calms the skin by its strong estrogenic action. I maintain that trans people should use asiatica differently than genetic women. Genetic women typically use asiatica as a ‘spot treatment’, applied directly to acne or acne scars and capable of reducing the redness overnight (its efficacy at this was confirmed by my own experiments). However, trans people’s faces unlike genetic women’s faces need the estrogenic action all over. So, I have found the very quickest way to feminize the skin in my face is to apply strong asiatica ‘spot treatment’ all over my entire face (I use the ‘asiatica serum’ and ‘asiatic ampule’ by the brand CosRX, which are VERY concentrated). This creates a smoothening and shininess of the skin overnight which, by my judgement, results in a noticeable and quite quick feminization of the face. One should take care not to overuse asiatica. Since its calming action is strong, one can develop a tolerance to it. It is best rotated and used a few times a week or even less depending on results; but one can perhaps use it on acne spots on a more consistent basis. Neem, an Indian herb, is mainly used on the skin as an acne or fungus treatment. It is powerfully anti-microbial. Pure neem oil is often dabbed onto a cotton swab in very small amounts (say, 1-5 drops) and then used as a ‘spot treatment’ for acne. Neem is very strongly anti-androgen and when given in high doses in an oral extract reduced testosterone levels substantialy however it is also anti-estrogenic too. It is ‘safe’ to take internally in the sense that it is not very acutely toxic (the lethal dose is very high), but the proper way to do it is only small amounts of powdered herb (1-3 tsp). (Of course never taken neem pure oil internally: see the note on safety.) An Indian doctor I talked to said neem must be rotated at least 2 weeks on/2 weeks off because taking it for too long internally could be damaging to the microbiome. This seems quite plausible given its strong anti-bacterial action. Hormone balancers and adaptogens Shatavari is a medicinal herb cultivated and used in India as a ‘beauty tonic’, that is, something taken regularly that is meant to encourage youthfulness. In practice, what ‘beauty tonic’ means is nothing other than that it is capable of causing some superficial feminization of outer features. In this author’s own experience, 4 weeks of shatavari caused subtle changes in the look of the face, which were subtle enough that no one could identify them specifically although one who did not know I am transitioning noticed that there was some kind of change (though they didn’t associate it with any gender). I myself began noticing changes after 2 weeks. Shatavari is known as an ‘adaptogen’, and what that means in practice is that it is neither a stimulant nor calming agent, but has different effects depending on one’s body. While Shatavari seems to be a powerful and potentially very useful herb, it’s effects will GREATLY depending on the state of your hormones when you start it. In men struggling with impotence, it actually increases testosterone. If estrogen is high, it can be anti-estrogenic. Though it is a daily medication in India, however, Shatavari is not to be taken lightly. I do not recommend taking shatavari if one has recently increased their dose of hormones and anticipates large changes. Shatavari is a hormone stabilizer. The main purpose of shatavari is to prevent any major drops in hormone levels one way or another. The second purpose is that it can be added for the aforementioned ‘beauty tonic’ effects (that is to say, slight, superficial facial feminization) ONLY if one has been on a stable dose for a while. Shatavari can easily be overdone. I’d recommend not using any ‘bottled extract’ of shatavari as that will probably give too high a dose (some of those extracts are the equivalent of 4g or more of the powdered herb). Instead, start with 1-3 tsp of the herb mixed with warm water and drank; it could also be filtered into a tea if you wanted a more pleasant drink but weaker effect. Shatavari appears to slightly increase progesterone, and is traditionally used as a ‘galactagogue’ to encourage the production of breast milk. However, I doubt very much that it can be relied on as a ‘progesterone treatment’ due to the other effects it has which might counteract any changes that could be brought on by the progesterone. Other Herbs not reviewed There are many herbs used as supplements for hormonal conditions like menopause that I did not discuss here. I didn’t do so because I simply do not know much about them. This includes motherwort, which is sold as a menopause supplement in China; and evening primrose oil, which is also widely used as a menopause supplement. The only note I’d make on primrose oil is, one should probably mix it with food for better absorption. If I were to add to this, I’d focus specifically on whether there are any herbs that can reliably and safely increase progesterone. (Though I discussed that shatavari has the potential to do this, it of course is not the reliable choice for this due to its many different and sometimes unwanted effects on hormones.) I’d also look into a safer alternative to fenugreek that might more specifically promote breast growth. On the Concern that herbs may interfere with prescription treatments Some worry that these herbs might actually counteract the effects of their prescription medications. This is sometimes a concern depending on the substance, but generally this worry is unfounded. The studies that show some of these to possess ‘anti-estrogenic’ effects usually get this result when these phytoestrogens are cultured in breast cancer cells. But if these are anti-estrogenic in cases where estrogen is making the body sick, such as breast cancer, that is a positive and not a negative. This type of study, which uses very high concentrations of the phytoestrogens, do not at all tell you what the phytoestrogen is doing in the body in the concentrations found in the blood from oral administration. Making this even more complicated is that many of these phytoestrogens seem to exert their effects beyond their direct and immediate action at the receptor, and seem to continue having some residual effects even after they are no longer in the blood (which explains why these herbal medicines can even work at all even when their bioavailability generally is found to be very low.) To me, it seems extremely unlikely that estrogen could be outcompeted or blocked by any of these compounds which bind to the estrogen receptor at generally much lower affinity than estrogen; so I doubt that any of these phytoestrogens usually block estrogen except in cases where estrogen is exceptionally low. And if it activates the receptors instead of estrogen in those cases where concentrations are very low, it might actually be more estrogenic than the endogenous hormone in those specific situations. All this is speculation, but it is just as much speculation as is the claim that phytoestrogens ‘block estrogen’. These indirect effects might, rather than undermining estrogen when combined, work along with it: while estrogen binds to the receptor, these phytoestrogens might exert their effects down the line at other estrogen receptors, and could work in concert. Of course, as I make clear in this post there are some herbs that bind to estradiol receptors and are definitely anti-estrogenic (see neem.) And some herbs like pomegranate seem to be quite selectively anti-estrogenic. Pomegranate I judge to be very unlikely to initiate physical changes and may even slow them, as it appears to undermine the actions of the main estrogen b-17-estradiol. However, it directly activates a-17-estradiol receptors, the other type of estrogen receptor found mainly in the brain. I am not sure if this has any medical applications for trans people, but I give the example to show how varied the effects of these phytoestrogens can be. One must look specifically at what has been found about the specific herb in question. Even if we find it binds to estradiol receptors we must investigate more to see if it is a blocker, agonist, selective agonist or modulator. Now, I do not discount the possibility that some herbs which help some may interfere with the actions of estrogen in others. Hormones are very individual. If herbs are to be used at all, careful monitoring must be done.
The City provides convenient options for residents to properly dispose of household hazardous waste. Note: In order for residents to use an HHW center or participate in the mobile events, customers must bring a recent copy of their CPS bill showing payment of the SWMD Environmental Fee and a picture ID as proof of residency. Household Hazardous Waste Collection Programs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, new guidance has been issued regarding the application process for new household hazardous waste (HHW) and/or electronics one-day collection events. Applicants must submit documentation outlining a plan to meet the following criteria: Proposed collection events may not be held in red-designated counties 12 Hazardous Household Items and How to Get Rid of Them Safely Rachel Brougham Updated: Mar. 20, 2019 It can be hard to know what to do with that unused medicine or the cleaning chemicals you no longer use. Find out if your council offers a service to help you get rid of hazardous waste like chemicals and batteries. Postcode lookup. Enter a postcode. For example SW1A 2AA Find. Find a postcode on Unknown or unidentified chemicals are considered hazardous waste. Processing and disposal of unknowns is particulary expensive because they must be handled with great care and caution. Please make every effort to avoid "unknowns" by diligently labeling and dating inventory. Once found, ask others working in the area if they know what the material is. If the material can be identified: Label it Use a disposable metal tray (an aluminum foil roasting pan is ideal) and pour a half-inch of liquid into the tray. The larger surface area will allow the liquid to evaporate much more quickly. Repeat this process until the liquid is gone and then recycle or reuse the containers, if possible. A completed Hazardous Waste Information Form must be submitted to the EHS office (Instructions are on the back of the form). On this form, please include: Full chemical name and quantity of the waste. For mixtures, each chemical and its volume or weight must listed. Abbreviations, acronyms and ditto marks ("") to replace words are not allowed, as this does not comply with The Hazard Many chemicals, materials, and products commonly found in the home are toxic and can be harmful to your health and our environment. Learn how to handle these items with care, and recycle or dispose of them responsibly. Getting Rid of Household Chemicals Before you toss that mostly empty bottle of insect killer in the trash or pour bleach down the sink, think about where those household chemicals will wind up. By... If it seems like a total pain to get rid of hazardous materials, use it as a lesson when making future purchases. A lot of harmful, chemical-based household cleaners can easily be replaced with non-toxic varieties, or even simply baking soda, vinegar, and mild dish detergent. While there aren’t non-hazardous options for all dangerous materials, there are some that you can swap out for their safer counterparts without sacrificing on quality.
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